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	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Ammunition&amp;diff=3824</id>
		<title>Ammunition</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Ammunition&amp;diff=3824"/>
		<updated>2008-06-01T21:56:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: Consolidation of Intro &amp;amp; Formatting sections&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Introduction and Formatting==&lt;br /&gt;
Ammunition can be describe as anything that can be fired out of a cannon or launcher.  This broad definition leads to a list of possible projectiles that could stretch on nearly forever.  This article will list the more common ammunitions used in the spudding world, as well as provide some useful information regarding their physical properties and performance characteristics.  The information will be listed in the following format:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Ammo Type===&lt;br /&gt;
The section directly under the name of the ammunition will provide you will all the general information on using and procuring the round.  This is also where any points of interest are located, as well as tips, advice, and modifications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mass&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here the mass of the ammo will be listed.  Please help out everybody overseas by providing masses in both ounces and grams whenever possible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Diameter&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the diameter of the round, again offered in both Imperial and Metric units.  For ammunition cut by the barrel, this will be equivalent to the barrel&#039;s inside diameter.  For other ammo (such as golf balls, marbles, etc.) it will be the average observed diameter, or the regulation diameter where applicable.  (Such as in sports balls)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Cd&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Coefficient of drag. The Cd of a particular ammo is usually dependent on the velocity of the ammo and whether or not it is spinning or tumbling.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Terminal Velocity&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Defined as the point at which wind resistance is equal to the force from gravity observed by an object in free fall.  This number will depend largely on the density of an object, and it&#039;s Cd.  Terminal Velocity represents the highest speed an object can reach when dropped from adequate height.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Common Barrels&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A list of barrel sizes commonly used with the specified ammunition.  This is primarily useful for objects with a defined diameter, such as a regulation sports ball.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Upon Impact&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A description of what is likely to be observed when the ammunition impacts certain types of objects.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Common Ammunitions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Potatoes ===&lt;br /&gt;
The humble potato is the original ammunition of spud guns and still enjoys widespread use today, though it is quickly losing favor to other ammunition types, such as golf balls.  When a spud is muzzle loaded the tip of the barrel (often times sharped into a [[Spud cutter|muzzle knife]]) trims it to size, resulting in a nearly air tight fit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mass&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The mass of a potato projectile will depend on the type of spud used, as well as the length the slug is cut to, and what diameter barrel it is made for.  Many spudders have assigned the common potato a density of 1.1g/cm&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, but this is only to be used as a rough estimate for calculating projectile mass.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Diameter&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Potatoes are usually cut by the barrel of the launcher as they are loaded, and thus will have a diameter equal to that of the barrel&#039;s inside.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Common Barrels&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While any barrel sized smaller than the spud can be used to launch a potato without a sabot, 1.5&amp;quot; and 2&amp;quot; Sch. 40 are the most commonly observed sizes on launchers designed primarily for shooting potatoes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Upon Impact&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Potatoes usually break into dozens of large chunks when they impact a medium hardness surface, and will &#039;vaporize&#039; upon striking hard surfaces (such as wood or steel) at high velocities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Golf Ball ===&lt;br /&gt;
Golf balls lend themselves well to use as launcher ammunition for a number of reasons.  Not only are they uniform in their shape and size, they enjoy the benefit of having received hundreds of thousands of dollars in research.  The fact they are purpose built for stable, aerodynamic flight, coupled with widespread availability make golf balls one of the most commonly used modern launcher rounds.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mass&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regulations set a golf ball&#039;s mass at 46g, or 1.56oz.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Diameter&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regulations set a golf ball&#039;s diameter at 1.68&amp;quot;, or 427mm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Cd&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
0.299&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Terminal Velocity&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The terminal velocity for a regulation golf ball is 132fps, or 40mps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Common Barrels&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Golf balls have a near perfect fit in both SDR 21 (1.70&amp;quot; ID) and SDR 26 (1.73&amp;quot; ID) in the 1.5&amp;quot; variety.  Though these barrels fit a golf ball well, their thin walls (.090&amp;quot; and .073&amp;quot; respectively) makes them too weak to act as a barrel over a couple feet in length.  To create stronger barrels capable of lengths past 2 feet, SDR pipe is often slid into 2&amp;quot; Sch. 80 PVC.  The 2.05&amp;quot; ID of the 2&amp;quot; pipe makes a very good fit with the 1.09&amp;quot; OD of the 1.5&amp;quot; SDR.  More information can be found in the article on [[Sleeving]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Upon Impact&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A golf ball will survive most mid speed impact with relatively hard objects.  The primary concern when shooting golf balls at hard objects is the chance of dangerous ricochets.  At high speeds golf balls can burst into fragments upon contacting a hard target.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Ammo ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mass&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Diameter&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Cd&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Terminal Velocity&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Common Barrels&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Upon Impact&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Ammo Construction ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Ammunition&amp;diff=3823</id>
		<title>Ammunition</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Ammunition&amp;diff=3823"/>
		<updated>2008-06-01T21:54:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: Expansion&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Introduction ==&lt;br /&gt;
Ammunition can be describe as anything that can be fired out of a cannon or launcher.  This broad definition leads to a list of possible projectiles that could stretch on nearly forever.  This article will list the more common ammunitions used in the spudding world, as well as provide some useful information regarding their physical properties and performance characteristics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Formatting ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Ammo Type===&lt;br /&gt;
The section directly under the name of the ammunition will provide you will all the general information on using and procuring the round.  This is also where any points of interest are located, as well as tips, advice, and modifications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mass&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here the mass of the ammo will be listed.  Please help out everybody overseas by providing masses in both ounces and grams whenever possible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Diameter&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the diameter of the round, again offered in both Imperial and Metric units.  For ammunition cut by the barrel, this will be equivalent to the barrel&#039;s inside diameter.  For other ammo (such as golf balls, marbles, etc.) it will be the average observed diameter, or the regulation diameter where applicable.  (Such as in sports balls)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Cd&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Coefficient of drag. The Cd of a particular ammo is usually dependent on the velocity of the ammo and whether or not it is spinning or tumbling.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Terminal Velocity&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Defined as the point at which wind resistance is equal to the force from gravity observed by an object in free fall.  This number will depend largely on the density of an object, and it&#039;s Cd.  Terminal Velocity represents the highest speed an object can reach when dropped from adequate height.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Common Barrels&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A list of barrel sizes commonly used with the specified ammunition.  This is primarily useful for objects with a defined diameter, such as a regulation sports ball.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Upon Impact&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A description of what is likely to be observed when the ammunition impacts certain types of objects.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Common Ammunitions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Potatoes ===&lt;br /&gt;
The humble potato is the original ammunition of spud guns and still enjoys widespread use today, though it is quickly losing favor to other ammunition types, such as golf balls.  When a spud is muzzle loaded the tip of the barrel (often times sharped into a [[Spud cutter|muzzle knife]]) trims it to size, resulting in a nearly air tight fit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mass&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The mass of a potato projectile will depend on the type of spud used, as well as the length the slug is cut to, and what diameter barrel it is made for.  Many spudders have assigned the common potato a density of 1.1g/cm&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, but this is only to be used as a rough estimate for calculating projectile mass.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Diameter&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Potatoes are usually cut by the barrel of the launcher as they are loaded, and thus will have a diameter equal to that of the barrel&#039;s inside.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Common Barrels&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While any barrel sized smaller than the spud can be used to launch a potato without a sabot, 1.5&amp;quot; and 2&amp;quot; Sch. 40 are the most commonly observed sizes on launchers designed primarily for shooting potatoes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Upon Impact&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Potatoes usually break into dozens of large chunks when they impact a medium hardness surface, and will &#039;vaporize&#039; upon striking hard surfaces (such as wood or steel) at high velocities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Golf Ball ===&lt;br /&gt;
Golf balls lend themselves well to use as launcher ammunition for a number of reasons.  Not only are they uniform in their shape and size, they enjoy the benefit of having received hundreds of thousands of dollars in research.  The fact they are purpose built for stable, aerodynamic flight, coupled with widespread availability make golf balls one of the most commonly used modern launcher rounds.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mass&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regulations set a golf ball&#039;s mass at 46g, or 1.56oz.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Diameter&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regulations set a golf ball&#039;s diameter at 1.68&amp;quot;, or 427mm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Cd&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
0.299&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Terminal Velocity&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The terminal velocity for a regulation golf ball is 132fps, or 40mps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Common Barrels&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Golf balls have a near perfect fit in both SDR 21 (1.70&amp;quot; ID) and SDR 26 (1.73&amp;quot; ID) in the 1.5&amp;quot; variety.  Though these barrels fit a golf ball well, their thin walls (.090&amp;quot; and .073&amp;quot; respectively) makes them too weak to act as a barrel over a couple feet in length.  To create stronger barrels capable of lengths past 2 feet, SDR pipe is often slid into 2&amp;quot; Sch. 80 PVC.  The 2.05&amp;quot; ID of the 2&amp;quot; pipe makes a very good fit with the 1.09&amp;quot; OD of the 1.5&amp;quot; SDR.  More information can be found in the article on [[Sleeving]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Upon Impact&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A golf ball will survive most mid speed impact with relatively hard objects.  The primary concern when shooting golf balls at hard objects is the chance of dangerous ricochets.  At high speeds golf balls can burst into fragments upon contacting a hard target.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Ammo ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mass&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Diameter&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Cd&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Terminal Velocity&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Common Barrels&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Upon Impact&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Ammo Construction ==&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Ammunition&amp;diff=3822</id>
		<title>Ammunition</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Ammunition&amp;diff=3822"/>
		<updated>2008-06-01T21:52:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* Golf Ball */  Formatting&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Introduction ==&lt;br /&gt;
Ammunition can be describe as anything that can be fired out of a cannon or launcher.  This broad definition leads to a list of possible projectiles that could stretch on nearly forever.  This article will list the more common ammunitions used in the spudding world, as well as provide some useful information regarding their physical properties and performance characteristics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Formatting ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Ammo Type===&lt;br /&gt;
The section directly under the name of the ammunition will provide you will all the general information on using and procuring the round.  This is also where any points of interest are located, as well as tips, advice, and modifications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mass&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here the mass of the ammo will be listed.  Please help out everybody overseas by providing masses in both ounces and grams whenever possible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Diameter&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the diameter of the round, again offered in both Imperial and Metric units.  For ammunition cut by the barrel, this will be equivalent to the barrel&#039;s inside diameter.  For other ammo (such as golf balls, marbles, etc.) it will be the average observed diameter, or the regulation diameter where applicable.  (Such as in sports balls)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Cd&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Coefficient of drag. The Cd of a particular ammo is usually dependent on the velocity of the ammo and whether or not it is spinning or tumbling.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Terminal Velocity&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Defined as the point at which wind resistance is equal to the force from gravity observed by an object in free fall.  This number will depend largely on the density of an object, and it&#039;s Cd.  Terminal Velocity represents the highest speed an object can reach when dropped from adequate height.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Common Barrels&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A list of barrel sizes commonly used with the specified ammunition.  This is primarily useful for objects with a defined diameter, such as a regulation sports ball.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Upon Impact&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A description of what is likely to be observed when the ammunition impacts certain types of objects.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Common Ammunitions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Potatoes ===&lt;br /&gt;
The humble potato is the original ammunition of spud guns and still enjoys widespread use today, though it is quickly losing favor to other ammunition types, such as golf balls.  When a spud is muzzle loaded the tip of the barrel (often times sharped into a [[Spud cutter|muzzle knife]]) trims it to size, resulting in a nearly air tight fit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mass&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The mass of a potato projectile will depend on the type of spud used, as well as the length the slug is cut to, and what diameter barrel it is made for.  Many spudders have assigned the common potato a density of 1.1g/cm&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, but this is only to be used as a rough estimate for calculating projectile mass.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Diameter&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Potatoes are usually cut by the barrel of the launcher as they are loaded, and thus will have a diameter equal to that of the barrel&#039;s inside.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Common Barrels&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While any barrel sized smaller than the spud can be used to launch a potato without a sabot, 1.5&amp;quot; and 2&amp;quot; Sch. 40 are the most commonly observed sizes on launchers designed primarily for shooting potatoes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Upon Impact&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Potatoes usually break into dozens of large chunks when they impact a medium hardness surface, and will &#039;vaporize&#039; upon striking hard surfaces (such as wood or steel) at high velocities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Golf Ball ===&lt;br /&gt;
Golf balls lend themselves well to use as launcher ammunition for a number of reasons.  Not only are they uniform in their shape and size, they enjoy the benefit of having received hundreds of thousands of dollars in research.  The fact they are purpose built for stable, aerodynamic flight, coupled with widespread availability make golf balls one of the most commonly used modern launcher rounds.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mass&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regulations set a golf ball&#039;s mass at 46g, or 1.56oz.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Diameter&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regulations set a golf ball&#039;s diameter at 1.68&amp;quot;, or 427mm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Cd&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
0.299&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Terminal Velocity&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The terminal velocity for a regulation golf ball is 132fps, or 40mps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Common Barrels&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Golf balls have a near perfect fit in both SDR 21 (1.70&amp;quot; ID) and SDR 26 (1.73&amp;quot; ID) in the 1.5&amp;quot; variety.  Though these barrels fit a golf ball well, their thin walls (.090&amp;quot; and .073&amp;quot; respectively) makes them too weak to act as a barrel over a couple feet in length.  To create stronger barrels capable of lengths past 2 feet, SDR pipe is often slid into 2&amp;quot; Sch. 80 PVC.  The 2.05&amp;quot; ID of the 2&amp;quot; pipe makes a very good fit with the 1.09&amp;quot; OD of the 1.5&amp;quot; SDR.  More information can be found in the article on [[Sleeving]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Upon Impact&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A golf ball will survive most mid speed impact with relatively hard objects.  The primary concern when shooting golf balls at hard objects is the chance of dangerous ricochets.  At high speeds golf balls can burst into fragments upon contacting a hard target.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Ammo ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mass&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Diameter&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Cd&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Terminal Velocity&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Common Barrels&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Upon Impact&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Ammunition&amp;diff=3821</id>
		<title>Ammunition</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Ammunition&amp;diff=3821"/>
		<updated>2008-06-01T21:42:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: Formatting&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Introduction ==&lt;br /&gt;
Ammunition can be describe as anything that can be fired out of a cannon or launcher.  This broad definition leads to a list of possible projectiles that could stretch on nearly forever.  This article will list the more common ammunitions used in the spudding world, as well as provide some useful information regarding their physical properties and performance characteristics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Formatting ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Ammo Type===&lt;br /&gt;
The section directly under the name of the ammunition will provide you will all the general information on using and procuring the round.  This is also where any points of interest are located, as well as tips, advice, and modifications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mass&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here the mass of the ammo will be listed.  Please help out everybody overseas by providing masses in both ounces and grams whenever possible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Diameter&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is the diameter of the round, again offered in both Imperial and Metric units.  For ammunition cut by the barrel, this will be equivalent to the barrel&#039;s inside diameter.  For other ammo (such as golf balls, marbles, etc.) it will be the average observed diameter, or the regulation diameter where applicable.  (Such as in sports balls)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Cd&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Coefficient of drag. The Cd of a particular ammo is usually dependent on the velocity of the ammo and whether or not it is spinning or tumbling.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Terminal Velocity&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Defined as the point at which wind resistance is equal to the force from gravity observed by an object in free fall.  This number will depend largely on the density of an object, and it&#039;s Cd.  Terminal Velocity represents the highest speed an object can reach when dropped from adequate height.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Common Barrels&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A list of barrel sizes commonly used with the specified ammunition.  This is primarily useful for objects with a defined diameter, such as a regulation sports ball.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Upon Impact&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A description of what is likely to be observed when the ammunition impacts certain types of objects.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Common Ammunitions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Potatoes ===&lt;br /&gt;
The humble potato is the original ammunition of spud guns and still enjoys widespread use today, though it is quickly losing favor to other ammunition types, such as golf balls.  When a spud is muzzle loaded the tip of the barrel (often times sharped into a [[Spud cutter|muzzle knife]]) trims it to size, resulting in a nearly air tight fit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mass&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The mass of a potato projectile will depend on the type of spud used, as well as the length the slug is cut to, and what diameter barrel it is made for.  Many spudders have assigned the common potato a density of 1.1g/cm&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, but this is only to be used as a rough estimate for calculating projectile mass.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Diameter&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Potatoes are usually cut by the barrel of the launcher as they are loaded, and thus will have a diameter equal to that of the barrel&#039;s inside.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Common Barrels&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While any barrel sized smaller than the spud can be used to launch a potato without a sabot, 1.5&amp;quot; and 2&amp;quot; Sch. 40 are the most commonly observed sizes on launchers designed primarily for shooting potatoes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Upon Impact&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Potatoes usually break into dozens of large chunks when they impact a medium hardness surface, and will &#039;vaporize&#039; upon striking hard surfaces (such as wood or steel) at high velocities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Golf Ball ===&lt;br /&gt;
Golf balls lend themselves well to use as launcher ammunition for a number of reasons.  Not only are they uniform in their shape and size, they enjoy the benefit of having received hundreds of thousands of dollars in research.  The fact they are purpose built for stable, aerodynamic flight, coupled with widespread availability make golf balls one of the most commonly used modern launcher rounds.&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mass&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regulations set a golf ball&#039;s mass at 46g, or 1.56oz.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Diameter&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Regulations set a golf ball&#039;s diameter at 1.68&amp;quot;, or 427mm.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Cd&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
0.299&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Terminal Velocity&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The terminal velocity for a regulation golf ball is 132fps, or 40mps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Common Barrels&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Golf balls have a near perfect fit in both SDR 21 (1.70&amp;quot; ID) and SDR 26 (1.73&amp;quot; ID) in the 1.5&amp;quot; variety.  Though these barrels fit a golf ball well, their thin walls (.090&amp;quot; and .073&amp;quot; respectively) makes them too weak to act as a barrel over a couple feet in length.  To create stronger barrels capable of lengths past 2 feet, SDR pipe is often slid into 2&amp;quot; Sch. 80 PVC.  The 2.05&amp;quot; ID of the 2&amp;quot; pipe makes a very good fit with the 1.09&amp;quot; OD of the 1.5&amp;quot; SDR.  More information can be found in the article on [[Sleeving]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Upon Impact&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A golf ball will survive most mid speed impact with relatively hard objects.  The primary concern when shooting golf balls at hard objects is the chance of dangerous ricochets.  At high speeds golf balls can burst into fragments upon contacting a hard target.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Ammo ===&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Mass&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Diameter&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Cd&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Terminal Velocity&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Common Barrels&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Upon Impact&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Ammunition&amp;diff=3820</id>
		<title>Ammunition</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Ammunition&amp;diff=3820"/>
		<updated>2008-06-01T21:33:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Introduction ==&lt;br /&gt;
Ammunition can be describe as anything that can be fired out of a cannon or launcher.  This broad definition leads to a list of possible projectiles that could stretch on nearly forever.  This article will list the more common ammunitions used in the spudding world, as well as provide some useful information regarding their physical properties and performance characteristics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Formatting ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Ammo Type ===&lt;br /&gt;
The section directly under the name of the ammunition will provide you will all the general information on using and procuring the round.  This is also where any points of interest are located, as well as tips, advice, and modifications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Mass ====&lt;br /&gt;
Here the mass of the ammo will be listed.  Please help out everybody overseas by providing masses in both ounces and grams whenever possible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Diameter ====&lt;br /&gt;
This is the diameter of the round, again offered in both Imperial and Metric units.  For ammunition cut by the barrel, this will be equivalent to the barrel&#039;s inside diameter.  For other ammo (such as golf balls, marbles, etc.) it will be the average observed diameter, or the regulation diameter where applicable.  (Such as in sports balls)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Cd ====&lt;br /&gt;
Coefficient of drag. The Cd of a particular ammo is usually dependent on the velocity of the ammo and whether or not it is spinning or tumbling.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Terminal Velocity ====&lt;br /&gt;
Defined as the point at which wind resistance is equal to the force from gravity observed by an object in free fall.  This number will depend largely on the density of an object, and it&#039;s Cd.  Terminal Velocity represents the highest speed an object can reach when dropped from adequate height.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Common Barrels ====&lt;br /&gt;
A list of barrel sizes commonly used with the specified ammunition.  This is primarily useful for objects with a defined diameter, such as a regulation sports ball.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Upon Impact ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Common Ammunitions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Potatoes ===&lt;br /&gt;
The humble potato is the original ammunition of spud guns and still enjoys widespread use today, though it is quickly losing favor to other ammunition types, such as golf balls.  When a spud is muzzle loaded the tip of the barrel (often times sharped into a [[Spud cutter|muzzle knife]]) trims it to size, resulting in a nearly air tight fit.&lt;br /&gt;
==== Mass ====&lt;br /&gt;
The mass of a potato projectile will depend on the type of spud used, as well as the length the slug is cut to, and what diameter barrel it is made for.  Many spudders have assigned the common potato a density of 1.1g/cm&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, but this is only to be used as a rough estimate for calculating projectile mass.&lt;br /&gt;
==== Diameter ====&lt;br /&gt;
Potatoes are usually cut by the barrel of the launcher as they are loaded, and thus will have a diameter equal to that of the barrel&#039;s inside.&lt;br /&gt;
==== Common Barrels ====&lt;br /&gt;
While any barrel sized smaller than the spud can be used to launch a potato without a sabot, 1.5&amp;quot; and 2&amp;quot; Sch. 40 are the most commonly observed sizes on launchers designed primarily for shooting potatoes.&lt;br /&gt;
==== Upon Impact ====&lt;br /&gt;
Potatoes usually break into dozens of large chunks when they impact a medium hardness surface, and will &#039;vaporize&#039; upon striking hard surfaces (such as wood or steel) at high velocities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Golf Ball ===&lt;br /&gt;
Golf balls lend themselves well to use as launcher ammunition for a number of reasons.  Not only are they uniform in their shape and size, they enjoy the benefit of having received hundreds of thousands of dollars in research.  The fact they are purpose built for stable, aerodynamic flight, coupled with widespread availability make golf balls one of the most commonly used modern launcher rounds.&lt;br /&gt;
==== Mass ====&lt;br /&gt;
Regulations set a golf ball&#039;s mass at 46g, or 1.56oz.&lt;br /&gt;
==== Diameter ====&lt;br /&gt;
Regulations set a golf ball&#039;s diameter at 1.68&amp;quot;, or 427mm.&lt;br /&gt;
==== Cd ====&lt;br /&gt;
0.299&lt;br /&gt;
==== Terminal Velocity ====&lt;br /&gt;
The terminal velocity for a regulation golf ball is 132fps, or 40mps.&lt;br /&gt;
==== Common Barrels ====&lt;br /&gt;
Golf balls have a near perfect fit in both SDR 21 (1.70&amp;quot; ID) and SDR 26 (1.73&amp;quot; ID) in the 1.5&amp;quot; variety.  Though these barrels fit a golf ball well, their thin walls (.090&amp;quot; and .073&amp;quot; respectively) makes them too weak to act as a barrel over a couple feet in length.  To create stronger barrels capable of lengths past 2 feet, SDR pipe is often slid into 2&amp;quot; Sch. 80 PVC.  The 2.05&amp;quot; ID of the 2&amp;quot; pipe makes a very good fit with the 1.09&amp;quot; OD of the 1.5&amp;quot; SDR.  More information can be found in the article on [[Sleeving]].&lt;br /&gt;
==== Upon Impact ====&lt;br /&gt;
A golf ball will survive most mid speed impact with relatively hard objects.  The primary concern when shooting golf balls at hard objects is the chance of dangerous ricochets.  At high speeds golf balls can burst into fragments upon contacting a hard target.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Ammo ===&lt;br /&gt;
==== Mass ====&lt;br /&gt;
==== Diameter ====&lt;br /&gt;
==== Cd ====&lt;br /&gt;
==== Terminal Velocity ====&lt;br /&gt;
==== Common Barrels ====&lt;br /&gt;
==== Upon Impact ====&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Ammunition&amp;diff=3819</id>
		<title>Ammunition</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Ammunition&amp;diff=3819"/>
		<updated>2008-06-01T20:18:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: New page: == Introduction == Ammunition can be describe as anything that can be fired out of a cannon or launcher.  This broad definition leads to a list of possible projectiles that could stretch o...&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== Introduction ==&lt;br /&gt;
Ammunition can be describe as anything that can be fired out of a cannon or launcher.  This broad definition leads to a list of possible projectiles that could stretch on nearly forever.  This article will list the more common ammunitions used in the spudding world, as well as provide some useful information regarding their physical properties and performance characteristics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Formatting ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Ammo Type ===&lt;br /&gt;
The section directly under the name of the ammunition will provide you will all the general information on using and procuring the round.  This is also where any points of interest are located, as well as tips, advice, and modifications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Mass ====&lt;br /&gt;
Here the mass of the ammo will be listed.  Please help out everybody overseas by providing masses in both ounces and grams whenever possible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Diameter ====&lt;br /&gt;
This is the diameter of the round, again offered in both Imperial and Metric units.  For ammunition cut by the barrel, this will be equivalent to the barrel&#039;s inside diameter.  For other ammo (such as golf balls, marbles, etc.) it will be the average observed diameter, or the regulation diameter where applicable.  (Such as in sports balls)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Cd ====&lt;br /&gt;
Coefficient of drag. The Cd of a particular ammo is usually dependent on the velocity of the ammo and whether or not it is spinning or tumbling.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Terminal Velocity ====&lt;br /&gt;
Defined as the point at which wind resistance is equal to the force from gravity observed by an object in free fall.  This number will depend largely on the density of an object, and it&#039;s Cd.  Terminal Velocity represents the highest speed an object can reach when dropped from adequate height.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Common Barrels ====&lt;br /&gt;
A list of barrel sizes commonly used with the specified ammunition.  This is primarily useful for objects with a defined diameter, such as a regulation sports ball.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Upon Impact ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Common Ammunitions ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Potatoes ===&lt;br /&gt;
The humble potato is the original ammunition of spud guns and still enjoys widespread use today, though it is quickly losing favor to other ammunition types, such as golf balls.  When a spud is muzzle loaded the tip of the barrel (often times sharped into a [[Spud cutter|muzzle knife]]) trims it to size, resulting in a nearly air tight fit.&lt;br /&gt;
==== Mass ====&lt;br /&gt;
The mass of a potato projectile will depend on the type of spud used, as well as the length the slug is cut to, and what diameter barrel it is made for.  Many spudders have assigned the common potato a density of 1.1g/cm&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, but this is only to be used as a rough estimate for calculating projectile mass.&lt;br /&gt;
==== Diameter ====&lt;br /&gt;
Potatoes are usually cut by the barrel of the launcher as they are loaded, and thus will have a diameter equal to that of the barrel&#039;s inside.&lt;br /&gt;
==== Common Barrels ====&lt;br /&gt;
While any barrel sized smaller than the spud can be used to launch a potato without a sabot, 1.5&amp;quot; and 2&amp;quot; Sch. 40 are the most commonly observed sizes on launchers designed primarily for shooting potatoes.&lt;br /&gt;
==== Upon Impact ====&lt;br /&gt;
Potatoes usually break into dozens of large chunks when they impact a medium hardness surface, and will &#039;vaporize&#039; upon striking hard surfaces (such as wood or steel) at high velocities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Ammo ===&lt;br /&gt;
==== Mass ====&lt;br /&gt;
==== Diameter ====&lt;br /&gt;
==== Cd ====&lt;br /&gt;
==== Terminal Velocity ====&lt;br /&gt;
==== Common Barrels ====&lt;br /&gt;
==== Upon Impact ====&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3818</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3818"/>
		<updated>2008-06-01T19:35:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* Important &amp;amp; Related Links */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== The Spudding Handbook ==&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to The Spudding Handbook!  This wiki format handbook contains all of the information you will ever need to build spudguns, and much more besides.  The purpose of this handbook is to explain the principles of spudguns and how they are built and operated.  All of the information contained in this handbook is free and available to anybody who wishes to view it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Look around and enjoy your stay.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:BC Pneumatics|BC Pneumatics]] 02:13, 31 May 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a Spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many different names for spudguns. They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others. Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance. While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudguns==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pneumatic Launchers ===&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Pneumatic launcher]] uses the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Combustion Launchers ===&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Regular Combustions ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Combustion launcher]] gets the energy it needs to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile fuels that are added to the chamber prior to ignition.  Traditionally, combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that use flammable gases for pressurization.  Automotive starting fluid, hairsprays and body sprays are popular traditional fuels.  Propane, butane and other pure combustible gases are preferred in more advanced guns. The combustible gases are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter ([[Lantern_sparker|flint]], [[BBQ_ignitor|piezo]] or electronic) or a [[Stun_gun|stun gun]].  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Hybrid Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hybrid launcher]]s are a special type of combustion launcher using a fuel/air mixture that is compressed to a pressure higher than that of the atmosphere.  The name Hybrid was coined when these types of launchers were described as a mix of a [[pneumatic launcher]] and a [[combustion launcher]], though this is a bit of a misnomer.  While hybrids do utilize a pressurized chamber system, this is where the similarities with a pneumatic launcher end.  The operation of a hybrid is much more closely related to that of a combustion launcher, the main difference being the use of a [[Burst disk]] in most hybrid systems.  While pneumatic cannons get their power from releasing the potential energy created by compressing gases, hybrids get the energy they use for launch from the potential energy stored within the chemical bonds of the fuel/air mixture.  The pressurization of a hybrid is mainly a consequence of forcing more fuel and air into a smaller chamber, and is not intended to be a method of propulsion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[BCARMS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Ammunition]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3817</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3817"/>
		<updated>2008-06-01T18:02:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: Spelling&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== The Spudding Handbook ==&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to The Spudding Handbook!  This wiki format handbook contains all of the information you will ever need to build spudguns, and much more besides.  The purpose of this handbook is to explain the principles of spudguns and how they are built and operated.  All of the information contained in this handbook is free and available to anybody who wishes to view it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Look around and enjoy your stay.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:BC Pneumatics|BC Pneumatics]] 02:13, 31 May 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a Spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many different names for spudguns. They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others. Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance. While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudguns==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pneumatic Launchers ===&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Pneumatic launcher]] uses the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Combustion Launchers ===&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Regular Combustions ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Combustion launcher]] gets the energy it needs to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile fuels that are added to the chamber prior to ignition.  Traditionally, combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that use flammable gases for pressurization.  Automotive starting fluid, hairsprays and body sprays are popular traditional fuels.  Propane, butane and other pure combustible gases are preferred in more advanced guns. The combustible gases are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter ([[Lantern_sparker|flint]], [[BBQ_ignitor|piezo]] or electronic) or a [[Stun_gun|stun gun]].  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Hybrid Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hybrid launcher]]s are a special type of combustion launcher using a fuel/air mixture that is compressed to a pressure higher than that of the atmosphere.  The name Hybrid was coined when these types of launchers were described as a mix of a [[pneumatic launcher]] and a [[combustion launcher]], though this is a bit of a misnomer.  While hybrids do utilize a pressurized chamber system, this is where the similarities with a pneumatic launcher end.  The operation of a hybrid is much more closely related to that of a combustion launcher, the main difference being the use of a [[Burst disk]] in most hybrid systems.  While pneumatic cannons get their power from releasing the potential energy created by compressing gases, hybrids get the energy they use for launch from the potential energy stored within the chemical bonds of the fuel/air mixture.  The pressurization of a hybrid is mainly a consequence of forcing more fuel and air into a smaller chamber, and is not intended to be a method of propulsion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[BCARMS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=PVC_vs._ABS&amp;diff=3726</id>
		<title>PVC vs. ABS</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=PVC_vs._ABS&amp;diff=3726"/>
		<updated>2008-06-01T04:20:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Introduction==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although many materials are available for launcher construction the most commonly used are PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), and ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene). Both materials have many advantages and disadvantages, as outlined below.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Physical Characteristics==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== PVC ===&lt;br /&gt;
* Density: 1380 kg/m^3&lt;br /&gt;
* Melting Point: 212 Degrees Celsius&lt;br /&gt;
* Becomes brittle when cold&lt;br /&gt;
* Natural Color: White&lt;br /&gt;
* Other characteristics: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_chloride Wikipedia]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== ABS ===&lt;br /&gt;
* Density: 1024 kg/m^3&lt;br /&gt;
* Melting Point: 105 Degrees Celsius&lt;br /&gt;
* Resistant to changes due to temperature&lt;br /&gt;
* Natural Color: Black&lt;br /&gt;
* Other Characteristics: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrylonitrile_butadiene_styrene Wikipedia]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chemical Characteristics==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== PVC ===&lt;br /&gt;
* Less resistant to shock than ABS&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== ABS ===&lt;br /&gt;
* Resistant to loads and shock&lt;br /&gt;
* Resists aqueous acids, alkalis, alcohols, and oils&lt;br /&gt;
* Swells when mixed with glacial acetic acid, carbon tetrachloride and aromatic hydrocarbons&lt;br /&gt;
* Soluble in esters and ketones&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Failure Characteristics==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== PVC ===&lt;br /&gt;
* Shatters upon failure. For this reason, it is illegal in most areas to use PVC in compressed air applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== ABS ===&lt;br /&gt;
* Rips upon failure, although it can shatter in the form of cellular core ABS. ABS is legal for compressed air applications, as long as it is pressure-rated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Availability, Price, and Other Information==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== PVC ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Typically cheaper than ABS&lt;br /&gt;
* Pressure-rated, usually well beyond what a launcher would require, except in the case of Hybrid launchers.&lt;br /&gt;
* More common than ABS&lt;br /&gt;
* Fused (glued) by [[solvent welding]], which requires two parts: Primer (a mixture of solvents), and Cement (Solvents with PVC resin).&lt;br /&gt;
* Easier to acquire in different diameters&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== ABS ===&lt;br /&gt;
* More expensive than PVC&lt;br /&gt;
* Not pressure-rated (Pressure-rated ABS does exist, but it is much less available, and much more expensive).&lt;br /&gt;
* Less common than PVC, especially pressure-rated&lt;br /&gt;
* Fused by only one chemical, ABS cement&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Solvent Welding===&lt;br /&gt;
It should be noted that ABS cement will NOT work on PVC, or vise-versa.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=IPLA&amp;diff=3718</id>
		<title>IPLA</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=IPLA&amp;diff=3718"/>
		<updated>2008-06-01T00:41:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: Formating Corrections&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== General Information ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The International Potato Launching Association is an unofficial group of members on the [http://www.spudfiles.com Spudfiles] forum.  At IPLA Events individual launcher enthusiasts from the same area (usually a 25 to 350 mile radius) meet at a designated location to fire their cannons.  These meets usually last one to three days, and the two largest meets are in Las Vegas, NV and Kentucky.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Past IPLA Meets: ==&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Las Vegas, NV ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
05/26/2006 - 05/27/2006 &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;And&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; 03/23/2007 - 03/25/2007&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Kentucky ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
05/26/2006 - 05/29/2006&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Olympia, WA ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
09/26/2003&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=IPLA&amp;diff=3717</id>
		<title>IPLA</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=IPLA&amp;diff=3717"/>
		<updated>2008-06-01T00:35:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== IPLA ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The International Potato Launching Association is an unofficial group of members on the [http://www.spudfiles.com Spudfiles] forum.  At IPLA Events individual launcher enthusiasts from the same area (usually a 25 to 350 mile radius) meet at a designated location to fire their cannons.  These meets usually last one to three days, and the two largest meets are in Las Vegas, NV and Kentucky.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Past IPLA Meets: ====&lt;br /&gt;
------&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Las Vegas, NV&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
05/26/2006 - 05/27/2006 &#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;And&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039; 03/23/2007 - 03/25/2007&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Kentucky&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
05/26/2006 - 05/29/2006&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Olympia, WA&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
09/26/2003&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=BB_machine_gun&amp;diff=3716</id>
		<title>BB machine gun</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=BB_machine_gun&amp;diff=3716"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T23:04:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: Improved intro wording.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;A &#039;&#039;&#039;BB Machine Gun&#039;&#039;&#039; (BBMG) is a device designed to shoot a large volume of small diameter ammo, typically steel BBs or plastic airsoft BBs. Most BBMGs are pneumatic guns, with air consumption much greater than that of a normal [[Pneumatic launcher]]. The common use of a large air compressor makes the majority of BBMG designs less that portable, though models using CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; systems have been successfully built and used as portable units.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Common Designs ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* A [[cloud chamber]] agitates the projectiles by blowing the air stream up through them. The agitated BBs then get sucked into the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* A [[vortex block]] blows the BBs around and around the inside of larg-ish diameter hole, which has a tangential hole leading to the barrel drilled in it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* A [[vortex cap]] blows the BBs around similar to a vortex block but is used in smaller situations. Designed by Gatorlangman AKA DavidVaini the design incorporates a standard PVC or metal cap as the vortex wall. This results in a smaller design and can be incorporated into smaller projects.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Design Characteristics ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The performance of a BBMG, as with any gun, depends on several characteristics of the gun. For BBMGs, perhaps the most important are;&lt;br /&gt;
* Air reservoir pressure&lt;br /&gt;
* Air reservoir capacity&lt;br /&gt;
* Barrel length&lt;br /&gt;
* How well the ammo fits the barrel&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most of the characteristics that make a good pneumatic spudgun also apply to BBMGs. As with any pneumatic gun, the higher the reservoir pressure and the longer the barrel (up to a point) the greater the muzzle velocity. Because of the large amount of compressed gas that is wasted in a typical BBMG, the reservoir capacity needs to be fairly large and CB ratios of 100:1 to 1000:1 are common. Note that, for a BBMG, the &amp;quot;chamber volume&amp;quot; includes the volume of the compressor&#039;s reservoir. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The ammo should fit the barrel well enough to minimize [[blowby]] (leakage of air around the ammo) but not so tightly that friction slows it down significantly as it moves through the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The chambering and firing of BBs in a BBMG appears to be coupled processes. Usually, when a BB is transiting the barrel, the reduced air flow through the gun inhibits the loading of the next BB into the barrel. When the preceding BB leaves the barrel the increase in air flow &amp;quot;chambers&amp;quot; the next round. This suggests that the muzzle velocity and ROF of these types of BBMGs are linked. Design changes that increase the muzzle velocity (for example by using a longer barrel) will tend to decrease the ROF.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Typical Performance ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
BBMGs, even if very simply constructed from readily available materials, are capable of very high rates of fire (ROF). The ROF for typical guns is in the vicinity of 30 to 100 rounds per second (RPS), 1800 to 6000 rounds per minute. This rate of fire is much higher than military machine guns, which fire at ~9 RPS. Only the military [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minigun Minigun], a modern Gattling machine gun, with a ROF of 33~66 RPS fires this fast. So, BBMGs are very impressive in terms of their ROFs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The muzzle velocity of typical BBMGs is much less impressive than their ROFs. With 3 foot length of 1/4&amp;quot; OD (3/16&amp;quot; ID) stainless steel tubing, a 120 PSIG 3 gallon shop compressor and firing standard copper/steel BBs, a typical vortex BBMG has a muzzle velocity of about 330 FPS (data from [http://www.inpharmix.com/jps/Jims_chrono.html here]). This muzzle velocity is about the same as a cheap commercial BB gun. The muzzle energy for an 0.177&amp;quot; copper/steel BB (0.33g) at 330 FPS is 1.2 foot-pounds (1.7J).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Even though the muzzle velocity of most BBMGs is relatively low, the large number of BBs that strike the target in a short period of time can do a fair amount of damage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The very high ROF of most BBMGs consumes BBs at an alarming rate. A six pound container of copper/steel BBs costs about $15 and contains 6000 BBs. At 50 RPS that six pound container will last for two minutes of firing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most BBMGs are not capable of sustained firing since the air source cannot provide an adequate flow of air at sufficiently high pressure. To reduce air consumption (and hence maintain muzzle velocity), and to reduce the rate that the ammos is expended, BBMGs are typically fired in short bursts lasting a few seconds at most.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Links ==&lt;br /&gt;
[http://www.burntlatke.com/bb.html Latke&#039;s BBMG]: An excellent write-up on how to build a Vortex BBMG.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=User:BC_Pneumatics&amp;diff=3715</id>
		<title>User:BC Pneumatics</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=User:BC_Pneumatics&amp;diff=3715"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T22:55:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: New page: I&amp;#039;ve decided to get The Spudding Handbook back to it&amp;#039;s fighting weight.  There is a lot of work to be done, but I am confident that with the help of others, it can be done.   --~~~~&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;I&#039;ve decided to get The Spudding Handbook back to it&#039;s fighting weight.  There is a lot of work to be done, but I am confident that with the help of others, it can be done.   --[[User:BC Pneumatics|BC Pneumatics]] 18:55, 31 May 2008 (EDT)&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Sprinkler_valve&amp;diff=3714</id>
		<title>Sprinkler valve</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Sprinkler_valve&amp;diff=3714"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T22:49:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: spelling, reduced scentence fragments.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Sprinkler_valve.jpg|frame|A Typical Electrically Operated Sprinkler Valve]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== General Information ==&lt;br /&gt;
Sprinkler valves are the most commonly used valve on pneumatic launchers, and offer a number of desirable qualities.  Because they are intended for use with home watering systems, sprinkler valves are readily available at nearly any location that sells PVC pipe and fittings.  Sprinkler valves are intended for electronic actuation, however most are modified for pneumatic actuation, offering better performance in spudding applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unfortunately for spudders sprinkler valves are not designed to open quickly since the speed of the valve has little affect on their intended use in sprinkler systems. In addition the large number of internal turns decreases the flow by roughly 25% compared to a piston valve of the same seat diameter, though muzzle velocity only decreases by about 10%.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Valve Actuation ==&lt;br /&gt;
A sprinkler valve can be actuated, or opened, in a number of ways.  Though they are intended to be opened by the application of 24VAC to the solenoid, many opt for a modification allowing the [[pilot volume]] to be vented through another valve.  Typically a [[Blowgun]] is used, though ball valves and even other sprinkler valves can do the job.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Electronic Actuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Though electronically actuated valves open slower and offer poorer performance over their pneumatically modified counterparts, many spudders prefer this method, since it does not require altering the valve in any way.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although most sprinkler valves are intended to operate on 24VAC, they can be successfully opened with 9-27VDC, usually applied by one, two, or three 9v batteries.  The power source is wired in series with the solenoid and a switch.  The solenoid will retract and the valve will open when voltage is applied.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stock sprinkler valves can be fired remotely using a simple electronic circuit.  Check out the [[remotely activated valve]] tutorial for more information.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pneumatic Actuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
The performance of a valve can be improved by replacing the stock solenoid-valve vent with a [[pilot valve]] with more flow. Most often this is a blow gun, although for larger valves a ball valve or even a smaller sprinkler valve can be used. This operation is often called [[sprinkler valve modification|modding]] the valve.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Troubleshooting==&lt;br /&gt;
If you are having problems with your sprinkler valve, these are some things to try&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Valve &amp;quot;Honks&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;sounds like an airhorn&amp;quot;====&lt;br /&gt;
You need a larger pilot valve. For more information, see [[honking]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Valve won&#039;t seal====&lt;br /&gt;
If your valve leaks air out the barrel there is a good chance that there is dirt, PVC shavings &#039;&#039;etc.&#039;&#039; in the valve preventing it from closing properly. An easy way to clean the valve it to just hook it up to a hose and flush water through it while cycling the valve a few times. If that doesn&#039;t fix the problem then you should disassemble the valve and clean the diaphragm and seat. Check for any plastic chips that may have entered the valve. Smear the diaphragm and seat with lithium grease to promote a seal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For other problems, visit the Sprinkler Valve Troubleshooting Guide [http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/sprinkler-valve-troubleshooting-guide-t8780.html]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== More Information ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[GGDT]]&#039;s website has valve data for sprinklers in it&#039;s [http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT/library/library_menu.html design library]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:valves]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3712</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3712"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T22:42:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: Formating Correction&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== The Spudding Handbook ==&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to The Spudding Handbook!  This wiki format handbook contains all of the information you will ever need to build spudguns, and much more besides.  The purpose of this handbook is to explain the principles of spudguns and how they are built and operated.  All of thin information contained in this handbook is free and available to anybody who wishes to view it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Look around and enjoy your stay.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:BC Pneumatics|BC Pneumatics]] 02:13, 31 May 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a Spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many different names for spudguns. They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others. Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance. While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudguns==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pneumatic Launchers ===&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Pneumatic launcher]] uses the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Combustion Launchers ===&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Regular Combustions ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Combustion launcher]] gets the energy it needs to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile fuels that are added to the chamber prior to ignition.  Traditionally, combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that use flammable gases for pressurization.  Automotive starting fluid, hairsprays and body sprays are popular traditional fuels.  Propane, butane and other pure combustible gases are preferred in more advanced guns. The combustible gases are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter ([[Lantern_sparker|flint]], [[BBQ_ignitor|piezo]] or electronic) or a [[Stun_gun|stun gun]].  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Hybrid Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hybrid launcher]]s are a special type of combustion launcher using a fuel/air mixture that is compressed to a pressure higher than that of the atmosphere.  The name Hybrid was coined when these types of launchers were described as a mix of a [[pneumatic launcher]] and a [[combustion launcher]], though this is a bit of a misnomer.  While hybrids do utilize a pressurized chamber system, this is where the similarities with a pneumatic launcher end.  The operation of a hybrid is much more closely related to that of a combustion launcher, the main difference being the use of a [[Burst disk]] in most hybrid systems.  While pneumatic cannons get their power from releasing the potential energy created by compressing gases, hybrids get the energy they use for launch from the potential energy stored within the chemical bonds of the fuel/air mixture.  The pressurization of a hybrid is mainly a consequence of forcing more fuel and air into a smaller chamber, and is not intended to be a method of propulsion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[BCARMS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Sprinkler_valve&amp;diff=3710</id>
		<title>Sprinkler valve</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Sprinkler_valve&amp;diff=3710"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T22:37:07Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: Moved remote actuation link from Pneumatic to Electronic actuation section.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Sprinkler_valve.jpg|frame|A Typical Electrically Operated Sprinkler Valve]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== General Information ==&lt;br /&gt;
Sprinkler valves are the most commonly used valve on pneumatic launchers, and offer a number of desirable qualities.  Because they are intended for use with home watering systems, sprinkler valves are readily available at nearly any location that sells PVC pipe and fittings.  Sprinkler valves are intended for electronic actuation, however most are modified for pneumatic actuation, offering better performance in spudding applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unfortunately for spudders, sprinkler valves are not designed to open quickly since the speed of the valve has little affect on there intended use in sprinkler systems. In addition the large number of internal turns decreases the flow through by roughly 25% when compared to a piston valve of the same seat diameter, though muzzle velocity only sees a decreases by about 10%.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Valve Actuation ==&lt;br /&gt;
A sprinkler valve can be actuated, or opened, in a number of ways.  Though they are intended to be opened by the application of 24VAC to the solenoid, many opt for a moddification allowing the [[pilot volume]] to be vented through another valve.  Typically a [[Blowgun]] is used, though ball valves and even other sprinkler valves can do the job.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Electronic Actuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Though electronically actuated valves open slower and offer poorer performance over their pneumatically modified counterparts, many spudders prefer this method, since it does not require altering the valve in any way.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although most sprinkler valves are intended to operate on 24VAC, they can be successfully opened with 9-27VDC, usually applied by one, two, or three 9v batteries.  The power source is wired in series with the solenoid and a switch.  The solenoid will retract and the valve will open when voltage is applied.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stock sprinkler valves can be fired remotely using a simple electronic circuit.  Check out the [[remotely activated valve]] tutorial for more information.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pneumatic Actuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
The performance of a valve can be improved by replacing the stock solenoid-valve vent with a [[pilot valve]] with more flow. Most often this is a blow gun, although for larger valves a ball valve or even a smaller sprinkler valve can be used. This operation is often called [[sprinkler valve modification|modding]] the valve.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Troubleshooting==&lt;br /&gt;
If you are having problems with your sprinkler valve, these are some things to try&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Valve &amp;quot;Honks&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;sounds like an airhorn&amp;quot;====&lt;br /&gt;
You need a larger pilot valve. For more information, see [[honking]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Valve won&#039;t seal====&lt;br /&gt;
If your valve leaks air out the barrel there is a good chance that there is dirt, PVC shavings &#039;&#039;etc.&#039;&#039; in the valve preventing it from closing properly. An easy way to clean the valve it to just hook it up to a hose and flush water through it while cycling the valve a few times. If that doesn&#039;t fix the problem then you should disassemble the valve and clean the diaphragm and seat. Check for any plastic chips that may have entered the valve. Smear the diaphragm and seat with lithium grease to promote a seal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For other problems, visit the Sprinkler Valve Troubleshooting Guide [http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/sprinkler-valve-troubleshooting-guide-t8780.html]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== More Information ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[GGDT]]&#039;s website has valve data for sprinklers in it&#039;s [http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT/library/library_menu.html design library]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:valves]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Sprinkler_valve&amp;diff=3709</id>
		<title>Sprinkler valve</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Sprinkler_valve&amp;diff=3709"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T22:34:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* General Information */  Moved &amp;#039;performance relative to piston valve&amp;#039; info to the correct section.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Sprinkler_valve.jpg|frame|A Typical Electrically Operated Sprinkler Valve]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== General Information ==&lt;br /&gt;
Sprinkler valves are the most commonly used valve on pneumatic launchers, and offer a number of desirable qualities.  Because they are intended for use with home watering systems, sprinkler valves are readily available at nearly any location that sells PVC pipe and fittings.  Sprinkler valves are intended for electronic actuation, however most are modified for pneumatic actuation, offering better performance in spudding applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unfortunately for spudders, sprinkler valves are not designed to open quickly since the speed of the valve has little affect on there intended use in sprinkler systems. In addition the large number of internal turns decreases the flow through by roughly 25% when compared to a piston valve of the same seat diameter, though muzzle velocity only sees a decreases by about 10%.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Valve Actuation ==&lt;br /&gt;
A sprinkler valve can be actuated, or opened, in a number of ways.  Though they are intended to be opened by the application of 24VAC to the solenoid, many opt for a moddification allowing the [[pilot volume]] to be vented through another valve.  Typically a [[Blowgun]] is used, though ball valves and even other sprinkler valves can do the job.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Electronic Actuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Though electronically actuated valves open slower and offer poorer performance over their pneumatically modified counterparts, many spudders prefer this method, since it does not require altering the valve in any way.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although most sprinkler valves are intended to operate on 24VAC, they can be successfully opened with 9-27VDC, usually applied by one, two, or three 9v batteries.  The power source is wired in series with the solenoid and a switch.  The solenoid will retract and the valve will open when voltage is applied.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pneumatic Actuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
The performance of a valve can be improved by replacing the stock solenoid-valve vent with a [[pilot valve]] with more flow. Most often this is a blow gun, although for larger valves a ball valve or even a smaller sprinkler valve can be used. This operation is often called [[sprinkler valve modification|modding]] the valve.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stock, electrically activated sprinkler valves can be fired remotely using very simple electronics, check out the [[remotely activated valve]] tutorial. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Troubleshooting==&lt;br /&gt;
If you are having problems with your sprinkler valve, these are some things to try&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Valve &amp;quot;Honks&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;sounds like an airhorn&amp;quot;====&lt;br /&gt;
You need a larger pilot valve. For more information, see [[honking]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Valve won&#039;t seal====&lt;br /&gt;
If your valve leaks air out the barrel there is a good chance that there is dirt, PVC shavings &#039;&#039;etc.&#039;&#039; in the valve preventing it from closing properly. An easy way to clean the valve it to just hook it up to a hose and flush water through it while cycling the valve a few times. If that doesn&#039;t fix the problem then you should disassemble the valve and clean the diaphragm and seat. Check for any plastic chips that may have entered the valve. Smear the diaphragm and seat with lithium grease to promote a seal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For other problems, visit the Sprinkler Valve Troubleshooting Guide [http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/sprinkler-valve-troubleshooting-guide-t8780.html]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== More Information ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[GGDT]]&#039;s website has valve data for sprinklers in it&#039;s [http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT/library/library_menu.html design library]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:valves]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Sprinkler_valve&amp;diff=3708</id>
		<title>Sprinkler valve</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Sprinkler_valve&amp;diff=3708"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T22:33:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* Electronic Actuation */  Removed &amp;quot;Twists n&amp;#039; Turns&amp;quot; portion&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Sprinkler_valve.jpg|frame|A Typical Electrically Operated Sprinkler Valve]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== General Information ==&lt;br /&gt;
Sprinkler valves are the most commonly used valve on pneumatic launchers, and offer a number of desirable qualities.  Because they are intended for use with home watering systems, sprinkler valves are readily available at nearly any location that sells PVC pipe and fittings.  Sprinkler valves are intended for electronic actuation, however most are modified for pneumatic actuation, offering better performance in spudding applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Valve Actuation ==&lt;br /&gt;
A sprinkler valve can be actuated, or opened, in a number of ways.  Though they are intended to be opened by the application of 24VAC to the solenoid, many opt for a moddification allowing the [[pilot volume]] to be vented through another valve.  Typically a [[Blowgun]] is used, though ball valves and even other sprinkler valves can do the job.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Electronic Actuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Though electronically actuated valves open slower and offer poorer performance over their pneumatically modified counterparts, many spudders prefer this method, since it does not require altering the valve in any way.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although most sprinkler valves are intended to operate on 24VAC, they can be successfully opened with 9-27VDC, usually applied by one, two, or three 9v batteries.  The power source is wired in series with the solenoid and a switch.  The solenoid will retract and the valve will open when voltage is applied.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pneumatic Actuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
The performance of a valve can be improved by replacing the stock solenoid-valve vent with a [[pilot valve]] with more flow. Most often this is a blow gun, although for larger valves a ball valve or even a smaller sprinkler valve can be used. This operation is often called [[sprinkler valve modification|modding]] the valve.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stock, electrically activated sprinkler valves can be fired remotely using very simple electronics, check out the [[remotely activated valve]] tutorial. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Troubleshooting==&lt;br /&gt;
If you are having problems with your sprinkler valve, these are some things to try&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Valve &amp;quot;Honks&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;sounds like an airhorn&amp;quot;====&lt;br /&gt;
You need a larger pilot valve. For more information, see [[honking]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Valve won&#039;t seal====&lt;br /&gt;
If your valve leaks air out the barrel there is a good chance that there is dirt, PVC shavings &#039;&#039;etc.&#039;&#039; in the valve preventing it from closing properly. An easy way to clean the valve it to just hook it up to a hose and flush water through it while cycling the valve a few times. If that doesn&#039;t fix the problem then you should disassemble the valve and clean the diaphragm and seat. Check for any plastic chips that may have entered the valve. Smear the diaphragm and seat with lithium grease to promote a seal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For other problems, visit the Sprinkler Valve Troubleshooting Guide [http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/sprinkler-valve-troubleshooting-guide-t8780.html]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== More Information ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[GGDT]]&#039;s website has valve data for sprinklers in it&#039;s [http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT/library/library_menu.html design library]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:valves]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3707</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3707"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T20:08:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: Added Hybrids to &amp;quot;types of spudguns&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== The Spudding Handbook ==&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to The Spudding Handbook!  This wiki format handbook contains all of the information you will ever need to build spudguns, and much more besides.  The purpose of this handbook is to explain the principles of spudguns and how they are built and operated.  All of thin information contained in this handbook is free and available to anybody who wishes to view it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Look around and enjoy your stay.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:BC Pneumatics|BC Pneumatics]] 02:13, 31 May 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a Spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many different names for spudguns. They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others. Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance. While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudguns==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pneumatic Launchers ===&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Pneumatic launcher]] uses the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Combustion Launchers ===&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Combustion launcher]] gets the energy it needs to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile fuels that are added to the chamber prior to ignition.  Traditionally, combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that use flammable gases for pressurization.  Automotive starting fluid, hairsprays and body sprays are popular traditional fuels.  Propane, butane and other pure combustible gases are preferred in more advanced guns. The combustible gases are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter ([[Lantern_sparker|flint]], [[BBQ_ignitor|piezo]] or electronic) or a [[Stun_gun|stun gun]].  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
==== Hybrid Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
[[Hybrid launcher]]s are a special type of combustion launcher using a fuel/air mixture that is compressed to a pressure higher than that of the atmosphere.  The name Hybrid was coined when these types of launchers were described as a mix of a [[pneumatic launcher]] and a [[combustion launcher]], though this is a bit of a misnomer.  While hybrids do utilize a pressurized chamber system, this is where the similarities with a pneumatic launcher end.  The operation of a hybrid is much more closely related to that of a combustion launcher, the main difference being the use of a [[Burst disk]] in most hybrid systems.  While pneumatic cannons get their power from releasing the potential energy created by compressing gases, hybrids get the energy they use for launch from the potential energy stored within the chemical bonds of the fuel/air mixture.  The pressurization of a hybrid is mainly a consequence of forcing more fuel and air into a smaller chamber, and is not intended to be a method of propulsion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[BCARMS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Opening_time&amp;diff=3706</id>
		<title>Opening time</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Opening_time&amp;diff=3706"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T19:53:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Opening time is the length time it takes for any given valve to move from the fully closed position to the position allowing the maximum possible volume of gas to flow through.  This time period is typically measured in milliseconds, and as expected is most important when the barrel dwell time (the length of time it takes for the projectile to transit the barrel) is low. The approximate opening time of some valves:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Burst disk]]s Practically instant... most likely under a millisecond.&lt;br /&gt;
* Pilot operated valves ([[diaphragm valve]]s, [[piston valve]]s): 3-5ms.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ball valve]]s: about 100 ms hand-actuated, maybe 20-30 ms spring-actuated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[GGDT]] will give you a graph of your valve opening. (valve position vs. time or projectile position)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can estimate the needed dwell time for a particular gun if you have an estimate of the barrel dwell time. As a rough estimate, assume the average speed in the barrel is one half the desired muzzle velocity. The time it takes for the projectile to transit the barrel is the barrel length divided by this half muzzle velocity. For example, assume you hope the gun will fire at 600 FPS and it has a three foot barrel, the barrel dwell time is about;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(3 feet)/[(600 FPS)(0.5)] = 10 milliseconds&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To get the most out of your gun you would like the valve opening time to be significantly less than the barrel dwell time. In this case, a valve opening time of less than perhaps 3 ms would be a good target.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:valves]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Opening_time&amp;diff=3705</id>
		<title>Opening time</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Opening_time&amp;diff=3705"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T19:51:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: Jazzed up introductory paragraph&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Opening time is the length time it takes for any given valve to move from the fully closed position to the position allowing the maximum possible volume of gas to flow through.  This time period is typically measured in milliseconds, and as expected is most important when the barrel dwell time (the length of time it takes for the projectile to transit the barrel) is low. The approximate opening time of some valves:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Burst disk]]s Practically instant... most likely under a millisecond.&lt;br /&gt;
* Pilot operated valves ([[diaphragm valve]]s, [[piston valve]]s): 3-5ms.&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Ball valve]]s: about 100 ms hand-actuated, maybe 20-30 ms spring-actuated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The [[GGDT]] will give you a graph of your valve opening. (valve position vs. time or projectile position)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
You can estimate the needed dwell time for a particular gun if you have an estimate of the barrel dwell time. As a rough estimate, assume the average speed in the barrel is one half the desired muzzle velocity. The time it takes for the projectile to transit the barrel is the barrel length divided by this half muzzle velocity. For example, assume you hope the gun will fire at 600 FPS and it has a three foot barrel, the barrel dwell time is about;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
(3 feet)/[(600 FPS)(0.5)] = 10 milliseconds&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To get the most out of your gun you would like the valve opening time to be significantly less than the barrel dwell time. In this case, a valve opening time of less than perhaps 3 ms would be a good target.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is unclear as to what the opening time is when the valve [[honking|honks]], as this involves opening and closing rapidly - should one measure it from beginning of opening to end of honking, or from beginning to the most open part of the first vibration? Or, does the [[honking]] occur only after the projectile has left the barrel?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:valves]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Marble&amp;diff=3704</id>
		<title>Marble</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Marble&amp;diff=3704"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T19:46:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* Specifications */   Made page &amp;quot;Nicer&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&#039;&#039;&#039;Marbles&#039;&#039;&#039; are good solid projectiles, that can penetrate hard targets like wood and sheet metal. They are cheap easy to find and come in a range of sizes, the most common being 1/2&amp;quot;, 5/8&amp;quot;, 7/8&amp;quot; and 1 inch, or 12, 16, 22 and 25 mm. Larger marbles exist but are often too costly to be used in day to day shooting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Use and Target Performance==&lt;br /&gt;
The manufacturing tolerances of marbles are often quite wide, so not all 16mm marbles will fit in a 16mm [[barrel]] for instance.  If you go to the store to buy marbles, it is suggested to bring a piece of your [[barrel]] to test fit your ammo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A marble hitting a hard target (such as a rock) is often crushed to harmless sand, but there are chances of getting sharp splinters and ricochets, and appropriate care should be taken. Because of their relatively consistent shape and size marbles are good projectiles to use in cannons with automatic loading mechanisms.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Specifications==&lt;br /&gt;
The following sizes are common for marbles both in the US and abroad.&lt;br /&gt;
1/2, 5/8, 7/8, or 1&amp;quot; (12, 16, 22, or 25mm)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The average density of glass is ~2.4-2.8 g/ml.  This may vary slightly from the density of your marbles, do to manufacturing and glass content differences.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Projectiles]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3703</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3703"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T19:41:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* External links */  Removed Spudtech link&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== The Spudding Handbook ==&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to The Spudding Handbook!  This wiki format handbook contains all of the information you will ever need to build spudguns, and much more besides.  The purpose of this handbook is to explain the principles of spudguns and how they are built and operated.  All of thin information contained in this handbook is free and available to anybody who wishes to view it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Look around and enjoy your stay.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:BC Pneumatics|BC Pneumatics]] 02:13, 31 May 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a Spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many different names for spudguns. They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others. Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance. While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudguns==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pneumatic Launchers ===&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Pneumatic launcher]] uses the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Combustion Launchers ===&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Combustion launcher]] gets the energy it needs to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile fuels that are added to the chamber prior to ignition.  Traditionally, combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that use flammable gases for pressurization.  Automotive starting fluid, hairsprays and body sprays are popular traditional fuels.  Propane, butane and other pure combustible gases are preferred in more advanced guns. The combustible gases are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter ([[Lantern_sparker|flint]], [[BBQ_ignitor|piezo]] or electronic) or a [[Stun_gun|stun gun]].  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[BCARMS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3702</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3702"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T19:35:36Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* Combustion Launchers */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== The Spudding Handbook ==&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to The Spudding Handbook!  This wiki format handbook contains all of the information you will ever need to build spudguns, and much more besides.  The purpose of this handbook is to explain the principles of spudguns and how they are built and operated.  All of thin information contained in this handbook is free and available to anybody who wishes to view it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Look around and enjoy your stay.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:BC Pneumatics|BC Pneumatics]] 02:13, 31 May 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a Spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many different names for spudguns. They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others. Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance. While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudguns==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pneumatic Launchers ===&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Pneumatic launcher]] uses the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Combustion Launchers ===&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Combustion launcher]] gets the energy it needs to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile fuels that are added to the chamber prior to ignition.  Traditionally, combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that use flammable gases for pressurization.  Automotive starting fluid, hairsprays and body sprays are popular traditional fuels.  Propane, butane and other pure combustible gases are preferred in more advanced guns. The combustible gases are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter ([[Lantern_sparker|flint]], [[BBQ_ignitor|piezo]] or electronic) or a [[Stun_gun|stun gun]].  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[BCARMS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudtech.com Great source of spudgun information]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Bushing_modification&amp;diff=3696</id>
		<title>Bushing modification</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Bushing_modification&amp;diff=3696"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T08:48:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Bushing modification refers to removing the stop built into a reducing or hub bushing, so that a pipe may freely pass through.  This is commonly done when fabricating [[coaxial]] cannons and [[piston valve]]s.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Sprinkler_valve&amp;diff=3694</id>
		<title>Sprinkler valve</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Sprinkler_valve&amp;diff=3694"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T08:25:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:Sprinkler_valve.jpg|frame|A Typical Electrically Operated Sprinkler Valve]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== General Information ==&lt;br /&gt;
Sprinkler valves are the most commonly used valve on pneumatic launchers, and offer a number of desirable qualities.  Because they are intended for use with home watering systems, sprinkler valves are readily available at nearly any location that sells PVC pipe and fittings.  Sprinkler valves are intended for electronic actuation, however most are modified for pneumatic actuation, offering better performance in spudding applications.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Valve Actuation ==&lt;br /&gt;
A sprinkler valve can be actuated, or opened, in a number of ways.  Though they are intended to be opened by the application of 24VAC to the solenoid, many opt for a moddification allowing the [[pilot volume]] to be vented through another valve.  Typically a [[Blowgun]] is used, though ball valves and even other sprinkler valves can do the job.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Electronic Actuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
Though electronically actuated valves open slower and offer poorer performance over their pneumatically modified counterparts, many spudders prefer this method, since it does not require altering the valve in any way.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although most sprinkler valves are intended to operate on 24VAC, they can be successfully opened with 9-27VDC, usually applied by one, two, or three 9v batteries.  The power source is wired in series with the solenoid and a switch.  The solenoid will retract and the valve will open when voltage is applied.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Unfortunately for spuders, sprinkler valves are designed to open relatively slowly to prevent &amp;quot;water hammer&amp;quot;. The large number of internal turns decreases the flow of the valve to roughly 60-70% of a piston/diaphragm valve with the same diameter. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pneumatic Actuation ===&lt;br /&gt;
The performance of a valve can be improved by replacing the stock solenoid-valve vent with a [[pilot valve]] with more flow. Most often this is a blow gun, although for larger valves a ball valve or even a smaller sprinkler valve can be used. This operation is often called [[sprinkler valve modification|modding]] the valve.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Stock, electrically activated sprinkler valves can be fired remotely using very simple electronics, check out the [[remotely activated valve]] tutorial. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Troubleshooting==&lt;br /&gt;
If you are having problems with your sprinkler valve, these are some things to try&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Valve &amp;quot;Honks&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;sounds like an airhorn&amp;quot;====&lt;br /&gt;
You need a larger pilot valve. For more information, see [[honking]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
====Valve won&#039;t seal====&lt;br /&gt;
If your valve leaks air out the barrel there is a good chance that there is dirt, PVC shavings &#039;&#039;etc.&#039;&#039; in the valve preventing it from closing properly. An easy way to clean the valve it to just hook it up to a hose and flush water through it while cycling the valve a few times. If that doesn&#039;t fix the problem then you should disassemble the valve and clean the diaphragm and seat. Check for any plastic chips that may have entered the valve. Smear the diaphragm and seat with lithium grease to promote a seal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For other problems, visit the Sprinkler Valve Troubleshooting Guide [http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/sprinkler-valve-troubleshooting-guide-t8780.html]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== More Information ==&lt;br /&gt;
[[GGDT]]&#039;s website has valve data for sprinklers in it&#039;s [http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT/library/library_menu.html design library]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:valves]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Rifled_barrel&amp;diff=3693</id>
		<title>Rifled barrel</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Rifled_barrel&amp;diff=3693"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T08:07:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;In order to more accurately send a vegetable projectile towards the desired target, barrels for produce accelerators can be &amp;quot;rifled&amp;quot; which produces spiral grooves on the inside surface of the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These grooves impart rotation to the projectile as it accelerates down the barrel, gyroscopically stabilizing it and preventing the projectile from tumbling end-over-end. This spinning motion has been demonstrated to have positive effects accuracy of potatoes, as seen in [http://www.burntlatke.com/rifle.html this] test done by Burnt Latke.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rate of twist required can be approximated through a version of the Greenhill equation that has been modified to take into account the density of the projectile, though one must remember that the Greenhill equation was developed to deal with supersonic, pointed, and very dense projectiles:&lt;br /&gt;
Twist = (C*D&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;)/L * sqrt(SG/10.9)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
where:&lt;br /&gt;
*Twist = number of inches per rotation&lt;br /&gt;
*C = 150 (use 180 for muzzle velocities higher than 2,800 f/s)&lt;br /&gt;
*D = bullet&#039;s diameter in inches&lt;br /&gt;
*L = bullet&#039;s length in inches&lt;br /&gt;
*SG = bullet&#039;s specific gravity&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rates of twist higher than this should not hurt accuracy much, unless they break off the bits of potato that are engaging the rifling and thusly transmit no rotation at all.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rifled barrels were formally available from [[SGTC]] prior to it&#039;s closing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
See also [[spudgun accuracy]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Components]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Multiple_tanks_and_T%27s&amp;diff=3692</id>
		<title>Multiple tanks and T&#039;s</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Multiple_tanks_and_T%27s&amp;diff=3692"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T08:05:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Some launchers use multiple tanks that are connected to a common valve by tees, elbows, and other fittings.  These valves may have independent control valves, that allow one or some chambers to retain pressure even when the others are fired.&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Mauler_Valve&amp;diff=3691</id>
		<title>Mauler Valve</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Mauler_Valve&amp;diff=3691"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T08:00:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The Mauler valve is a commercially available barrel sealing [[piston valve]] for the use in pneumatic launchers, designed by Sean Gort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An independent test by John Shell, author of [http://neospud.com/ NeoSpud], found that the Mauler valve yields muzzle velocity superior to that of the [[Supah-Valve]]. A [[shooting chronograph]] was used to return muzzle velocity data. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Mauler valve is unique in that it utilizes modified PVC pipe, and fittings.  In contrast the [[Supah-Valve]] has machined PVC bar stock for the internal components.  Both valves use a lathe to modify the components found in the valve.  The Mauler using a wood [[lathe]], and the [[Supah-Valve]] using a metal [[lathe]].  The difference between the wood, and metal lathe is how the tooling is controlled.  On a metal lathe, the tooling is fixed in a mechanism, then moved along linear axises.  With a wood lathe the tooling is held in the operators hands, steadied by a tool rest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Specifications:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* 2&amp;quot; Female NPT Porting&lt;br /&gt;
* Encased in 2.5&amp;quot; PVC tee&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Variants:==&lt;br /&gt;
For every size variation the valve is given a different name.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;NPT Porting:&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
* 1.5&amp;quot; - Shredder&lt;br /&gt;
* 1.25&amp;quot; - Ripper&lt;br /&gt;
* 1&amp;quot; - Stinger&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:valves]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=BBQ_ignitor&amp;diff=3690</id>
		<title>BBQ ignitor</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=BBQ_ignitor&amp;diff=3690"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T07:53:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;[[Image:BBQ_Ignitor.jpg|right|thumb|250px|A simple piezoelectric igniter for a grill]]A &#039;&#039;&#039;BBQ igniter&#039;&#039;&#039; or grill igniter is arguably the simplest spudgun [[ignition source]]. It consists of a pushbutton, that activates a hammer mechanism that strikes a piezoelectric crystal. The crystal generates a high voltage pulse that can be made to jump a small spark gap. One of the main advantages to a BBQ igniter is that it doesn&#039;t use batteries, and is cheap and relatively small. Quality differs quite a bit though, some igniters last for many years while other break after some time of use. The spark is also the weakest of the common ignition sources, and achieving ignition may take several attempts in some circumstances (cold weather, sub-optimal fuel mixes, etc).&lt;br /&gt;
Piezoelectric igniters can also be obtained from a few other devices, notably long-nosed lighters, and some gas igniters and cigarette lighters.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are also electric BBQ igniters that run on a 1.5V or 9V battery. They are similar in operation to a [[Stun gun]] and are capable of producing much larger sparks than piezoelectric igniters. They are a very good alternative to a Stun Gun if you live in a state/country where such devices are banned by law.&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Ignition sources]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=File:Lathe.jpg&amp;diff=3688</id>
		<title>File:Lathe.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=File:Lathe.jpg&amp;diff=3688"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T07:22:55Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: BCARMS Lathe&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;BCARMS Lathe&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=File:Assembly_Bench_1.jpg&amp;diff=3687</id>
		<title>File:Assembly Bench 1.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=File:Assembly_Bench_1.jpg&amp;diff=3687"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T07:22:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: BCARMS General Assembly Bench&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;BCARMS General Assembly Bench&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=File:Sprinkler_Bench.jpg&amp;diff=3686</id>
		<title>File:Sprinkler Bench.jpg</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=File:Sprinkler_Bench.jpg&amp;diff=3686"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T07:16:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: BCARMS Sprinkler Modification Bench&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;BCARMS Sprinkler Modification Bench&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3685</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3685"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T06:46:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== The Spudding Handbook ==&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to The Spudding Handbook!  This wiki format handbook contains all of the information you will ever need to build spudguns, and much more besides.  The purpose of this handbook is to explain the principles of spudguns and how they are built and operated.  All of thin information contained in this handbook is free and available to anybody who wishes to view it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Look around and enjoy your stay.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:BC Pneumatics|BC Pneumatics]] 02:13, 31 May 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a Spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many different names for spudguns. They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others. Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance. While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudguns==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Pneumatic Launchers ===&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Pneumatic launcher]] uses the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Combustion Launchers ===&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Combustion launcher]] gets the energy it needs to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile gases that are added to the chamber just prior to ignition.  Commonly and more traditionally combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that uses flammable gases for pressurization.  Starting fluid and body sprays are popular choices for fuel.  The fumes are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter or a stun gun.  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[BCARMS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudtech.com Great source of spudgun information]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3684</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3684"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T06:28:19Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* Important &amp;amp; Related Links */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== The Spudding Handbook ==&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to The Spudding Handbook!  This wiki format handbook contains all of the information you will ever need to build spudguns, and much more besides.  The purpose of this handbook is to explain the principles of spudguns and how they are built and operated.  All of thin information contained in this handbook is free and available to anybody who wishes to view it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Look around and enjoy your stay.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:BC Pneumatics|BC Pneumatics]] 02:13, 31 May 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a Spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many different names for spudguns. They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others. Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance. While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudguns==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Pneumatic Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Pneumatic launcher]] uses the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Combustion Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Combustion launcher]] gets the energy it needs to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile gases that are added to the chamber just prior to ignition.  Commonly and more traditionally combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that uses flammable gases for pressurization.  Starting fluid and body sprays are popular choices for fuel.  The fumes are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter or a stun gun.  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[BCARMS]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudtech.com Great source of spudgun information]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3683</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3683"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T06:20:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* Combustion Launchers */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== The Spudding Handbook ==&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to The Spudding Handbook!  This wiki format handbook contains all of the information you will ever need to build spudguns, and much more besides.  The purpose of this handbook is to explain the principles of spudguns and how they are built and operated.  All of thin information contained in this handbook is free and available to anybody who wishes to view it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Look around and enjoy your stay.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:BC Pneumatics|BC Pneumatics]] 02:13, 31 May 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a Spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many different names for spudguns. They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others. Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance. While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudguns==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Pneumatic Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Pneumatic launcher]] uses the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Combustion Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Combustion launcher]] gets the energy it needs to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile gases that are added to the chamber just prior to ignition.  Commonly and more traditionally combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that uses flammable gases for pressurization.  Starting fluid and body sprays are popular choices for fuel.  The fumes are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter or a stun gun.  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Cannon construction]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudtech.com Great source of spudgun information]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3682</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3682"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T06:19:58Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* Pneumatic Launchers */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== The Spudding Handbook ==&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to The Spudding Handbook!  This wiki format handbook contains all of the information you will ever need to build spudguns, and much more besides.  The purpose of this handbook is to explain the principles of spudguns and how they are built and operated.  All of thin information contained in this handbook is free and available to anybody who wishes to view it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Look around and enjoy your stay.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:BC Pneumatics|BC Pneumatics]] 02:13, 31 May 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a Spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many different names for spudguns. They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others. Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance. While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudguns==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Pneumatic Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
A [[Pneumatic launcher]] uses the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Combustion Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
Combustion launchers get the energy they need to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile gases that are added to the chamber just prior to ignition.  Commonly and more traditionally combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that uses flammable gases for pressurization.  Starting fluid and body sprays are popular choices for fuel.  The fumes are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter or a stun gun.  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Cannon construction]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudtech.com Great source of spudgun information]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3681</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3681"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T06:18:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* Types of Spudgun */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== The Spudding Handbook ==&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to The Spudding Handbook!  This wiki format handbook contains all of the information you will ever need to build spudguns, and much more besides.  The purpose of this handbook is to explain the principles of spudguns and how they are built and operated.  All of thin information contained in this handbook is free and available to anybody who wishes to view it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Look around and enjoy your stay.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:BC Pneumatics|BC Pneumatics]] 02:13, 31 May 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a Spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many different names for spudguns. They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others. Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance. While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudguns==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Pneumatic Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
Pneumatic launchers use the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Combustion Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
Combustion launchers get the energy they need to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile gases that are added to the chamber just prior to ignition.  Commonly and more traditionally combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that uses flammable gases for pressurization.  Starting fluid and body sprays are popular choices for fuel.  The fumes are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter or a stun gun.  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Cannon construction]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudtech.com Great source of spudgun information]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3680</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3680"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T06:18:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== The Spudding Handbook ==&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to The Spudding Handbook!  This wiki format handbook contains all of the information you will ever need to build spudguns, and much more besides.  The purpose of this handbook is to explain the principles of spudguns and how they are built and operated.  All of thin information contained in this handbook is free and available to anybody who wishes to view it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Look around and enjoy your stay.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:BC Pneumatics|BC Pneumatics]] 02:13, 31 May 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a Spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many different names for spudguns. They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others. Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance. While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudgun==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Pneumatic Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
Pneumatic launchers use the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Combustion Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
Combustion launchers get the energy they need to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile gases that are added to the chamber just prior to ignition.  Commonly and more traditionally combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that uses flammable gases for pressurization.  Starting fluid and body sprays are popular choices for fuel.  The fumes are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter or a stun gun.  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Cannon construction]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudtech.com Great source of spudgun information]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3679</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3679"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T06:16:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* The Spudding Handbook */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== The Spudding Handbook ==&lt;br /&gt;
Welcome to The Spudding Handbook!  This wiki format handbook contains all of the information you will ever need to build spudguns, and much more besides.  The purpose of this handbook is to explain the principles of spudguns and how they are built and operated.  All of thin information contained in this handbook is free and available to anybody who wishes to view it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Look around and enjoy your stay.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:BC Pneumatics|BC Pneumatics]] 02:13, 31 May 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What you can learn here==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here you can learn all about:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What a spudgun is]] and how it works.&lt;br /&gt;
* The different types of spudgun.&lt;br /&gt;
* How to use and [[Cannon construction|construct]] your spudgun well - [[Safety|safely]] and reliably.&lt;br /&gt;
** How to build each type of spudgun, and [[FAQ|which might be best for you]].&lt;br /&gt;
** The right [[Construction_materials|materials]] to use.&lt;br /&gt;
** The basic rules of shooting, loading and caring for your launcher.&lt;br /&gt;
* How to make basic spudding accessories like breech loaders, and how to fit pressure gauges.&lt;br /&gt;
* What types of [[Common_Fuels_for_Combustion_Spudguns|fuel to use for your combustion spudgun]], as well as the types of [[Ignition_source|ignition]].&lt;br /&gt;
* What [[Pneumatic_cannon|valves]] you can use for your pneumatics.&lt;br /&gt;
* There is advice on good and bad types of [[projectile]]s for you to use&lt;br /&gt;
* How [[Legal issues|legal]] your cannon is. &lt;br /&gt;
* And a lot more besides.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Above all you will be able to find instructions on how to build things that you will love for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many different names for spudguns. They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others. Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance. While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudgun==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Pneumatic Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
Pneumatic launchers use the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Combustion Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
Combustion launchers get the energy they need to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile gases that are added to the chamber just prior to ignition.  Commonly and more traditionally combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that uses flammable gases for pressurization.  Starting fluid and body sprays are popular choices for fuel.  The fumes are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter or a stun gun.  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Cannon construction]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudtech.com Great source of spudgun information]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3678</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3678"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T06:14:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* The Spudding Handbook */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== The Spudding Handbook ==&lt;br /&gt;
The purpose of this handbook is to explain the principles of spudguns and how they are built and operated.  All of thin information contained in this handbook is free and available to anybody who wishes to view it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Look around and enjoy your stay.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:BC Pneumatics|BC Pneumatics]] 02:13, 31 May 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What you can learn here==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here you can learn all about:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What a spudgun is]] and how it works.&lt;br /&gt;
* The different types of spudgun.&lt;br /&gt;
* How to use and [[Cannon construction|construct]] your spudgun well - [[Safety|safely]] and reliably.&lt;br /&gt;
** How to build each type of spudgun, and [[FAQ|which might be best for you]].&lt;br /&gt;
** The right [[Construction_materials|materials]] to use.&lt;br /&gt;
** The basic rules of shooting, loading and caring for your launcher.&lt;br /&gt;
* How to make basic spudding accessories like breech loaders, and how to fit pressure gauges.&lt;br /&gt;
* What types of [[Common_Fuels_for_Combustion_Spudguns|fuel to use for your combustion spudgun]], as well as the types of [[Ignition_source|ignition]].&lt;br /&gt;
* What [[Pneumatic_cannon|valves]] you can use for your pneumatics.&lt;br /&gt;
* There is advice on good and bad types of [[projectile]]s for you to use&lt;br /&gt;
* How [[Legal issues|legal]] your cannon is. &lt;br /&gt;
* And a lot more besides.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Above all you will be able to find instructions on how to build things that you will love for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many different names for spudguns. They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others. Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance. While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudgun==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Pneumatic Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
Pneumatic launchers use the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Combustion Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
Combustion launchers get the energy they need to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile gases that are added to the chamber just prior to ignition.  Commonly and more traditionally combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that uses flammable gases for pressurization.  Starting fluid and body sprays are popular choices for fuel.  The fumes are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter or a stun gun.  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Cannon construction]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudtech.com Great source of spudgun information]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3677</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3677"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T06:13:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* The Spudding Handbook */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;====== The Spudding Handbook ======&lt;br /&gt;
The purpose of this handbook is to explain the principles of spudguns and how they are built and operated.  All of thin information contained in this handbook is free and available to anybody who wishes to view it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Look around and enjoy your stay.&lt;br /&gt;
--[[User:BC Pneumatics|BC Pneumatics]] 02:13, 31 May 2008 (EDT)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What you can learn here==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here you can learn all about:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What a spudgun is]] and how it works.&lt;br /&gt;
* The different types of spudgun.&lt;br /&gt;
* How to use and [[Cannon construction|construct]] your spudgun well - [[Safety|safely]] and reliably.&lt;br /&gt;
** How to build each type of spudgun, and [[FAQ|which might be best for you]].&lt;br /&gt;
** The right [[Construction_materials|materials]] to use.&lt;br /&gt;
** The basic rules of shooting, loading and caring for your launcher.&lt;br /&gt;
* How to make basic spudding accessories like breech loaders, and how to fit pressure gauges.&lt;br /&gt;
* What types of [[Common_Fuels_for_Combustion_Spudguns|fuel to use for your combustion spudgun]], as well as the types of [[Ignition_source|ignition]].&lt;br /&gt;
* What [[Pneumatic_cannon|valves]] you can use for your pneumatics.&lt;br /&gt;
* There is advice on good and bad types of [[projectile]]s for you to use&lt;br /&gt;
* How [[Legal issues|legal]] your cannon is. &lt;br /&gt;
* And a lot more besides.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Above all you will be able to find instructions on how to build things that you will love for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many different names for spudguns. They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others. Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance. While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudgun==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Pneumatic Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
Pneumatic launchers use the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Combustion Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
Combustion launchers get the energy they need to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile gases that are added to the chamber just prior to ignition.  Commonly and more traditionally combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that uses flammable gases for pressurization.  Starting fluid and body sprays are popular choices for fuel.  The fumes are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter or a stun gun.  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Cannon construction]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudtech.com Great source of spudgun information]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3676</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3676"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T05:34:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* What is a spudgun? */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== The Spudding Handbook ===&lt;br /&gt;
Provided by the users of [http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This Spudwiki is here for you to learn about the spudgun hobby. &lt;br /&gt;
All of this is totally free so be happy and get on to registering and posting!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-&#039;&#039;PCGUY (Kyle), maker of &#039;&#039;&#039;SpudFiles&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What you can learn here==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here you can learn all about:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What a spudgun is]] and how it works.&lt;br /&gt;
* The different types of spudgun.&lt;br /&gt;
* How to use and [[Cannon construction|construct]] your spudgun well - [[Safety|safely]] and reliably.&lt;br /&gt;
** How to build each type of spudgun, and [[FAQ|which might be best for you]].&lt;br /&gt;
** The right [[Construction_materials|materials]] to use.&lt;br /&gt;
** The basic rules of shooting, loading and caring for your launcher.&lt;br /&gt;
* How to make basic spudding accessories like breech loaders, and how to fit pressure gauges.&lt;br /&gt;
* What types of [[Common_Fuels_for_Combustion_Spudguns|fuel to use for your combustion spudgun]], as well as the types of [[Ignition_source|ignition]].&lt;br /&gt;
* What [[Pneumatic_cannon|valves]] you can use for your pneumatics.&lt;br /&gt;
* There is advice on good and bad types of [[projectile]]s for you to use&lt;br /&gt;
* How [[Legal issues|legal]] your cannon is. &lt;br /&gt;
* And a lot more besides.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Above all you will be able to find instructions on how to build things that you will love for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are many different names for spudguns. They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others. Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance. While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudgun==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Pneumatic Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
Pneumatic launchers use the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Combustion Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
Combustion launchers get the energy they need to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile gases that are added to the chamber just prior to ignition.  Commonly and more traditionally combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that uses flammable gases for pressurization.  Starting fluid and body sprays are popular choices for fuel.  The fumes are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter or a stun gun.  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Cannon construction]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudtech.com Great source of spudgun information]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3675</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3675"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T05:30:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* Types of spudgun */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== The Spudding Handbook ===&lt;br /&gt;
Provided by the users of [http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This Spudwiki is here for you to learn about the spudgun hobby. &lt;br /&gt;
All of this is totally free so be happy and get on to registering and posting!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
-&#039;&#039;PCGUY (Kyle), maker of &#039;&#039;&#039;SpudFiles&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What you can learn here==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here you can learn all about:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What a spudgun is]] and how it works.&lt;br /&gt;
* The different types of spudgun.&lt;br /&gt;
* How to use and [[Cannon construction|construct]] your spudgun well - [[Safety|safely]] and reliably.&lt;br /&gt;
** How to build each type of spudgun, and [[FAQ|which might be best for you]].&lt;br /&gt;
** The right [[Construction_materials|materials]] to use.&lt;br /&gt;
** The basic rules of shooting, loading and caring for your launcher.&lt;br /&gt;
* How to make basic spudding accessories like breech loaders, and how to fit pressure gauges.&lt;br /&gt;
* What types of [[Common_Fuels_for_Combustion_Spudguns|fuel to use for your combustion spudgun]], as well as the types of [[Ignition_source|ignition]].&lt;br /&gt;
* What [[Pneumatic_cannon|valves]] you can use for your pneumatics.&lt;br /&gt;
* There is advice on good and bad types of [[projectile]]s for you to use&lt;br /&gt;
* How [[Legal issues|legal]] your cannon is. &lt;br /&gt;
* And a lot more besides.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Above all you will be able to find instructions on how to build things that you will love for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==What is a spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In short, a spudgun is a general term used to describe home-made recreational launching devices. The name is a little misleading, because in fact, many launchers will never launch a potato, but it&#039;s a name that&#039;s stuck.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They also go by several other names, commonly also called spud/potato/produce - guns/zookas/huckers/launchers/cannons. &lt;br /&gt;
A lot of people commonly just call them &amp;quot;Launchers&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Cannons&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Types of Spudgun==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Pneumatic Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
Pneumatic launchers use the energy stored in compressed gas, most often times air that has been compressed by a bicycle pump or an air compressor.  CO2 is also used semi-regularly, and compressed gases such as nitrogen and hydrogen have been used in the past.  The air resides within the launcher&#039;s chamber, and is held back by a valve.  When the valve is opened and the air is allowed to decompress, the ammunition is pushed in front of it down the barrel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Combustion Launchers ====&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
Combustion launchers get the energy they need to launch a projectile from the combustion of volatile gases that are added to the chamber just prior to ignition.  Commonly and more traditionally combustion launchers are fueled by an aerosol product that uses flammable gases for pressurization.  Starting fluid and body sprays are popular choices for fuel.  The fumes are most commonly ignited by a BBQ igniter or a stun gun.  The combustion of the fuel releases energy and creates a spike in pressure that propels the ammunition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Cannon construction]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudtech.com Great source of spudgun information]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=IPLA&amp;diff=3674</id>
		<title>IPLA</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=IPLA&amp;diff=3674"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T05:08:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* Past IPLA Meets: */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;== IPLA ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The International Potato Launching Association is an unofficial group of members on the [http://www.spudfiles.com Spudfiles] forum.  At IPLA Events individual launcher enthusiasts from the same area (usually a 25 to 350 mile radius) meet at a designated location to fire their cannons.  These meets usually last one to three days, and the two largest meets are in Las Vegas, NV and Kentucky.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Past IPLA Meets: ====&lt;br /&gt;
------&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Las Vegas, NV&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
05/26/2006 - 05/27/2006 &#039;&#039;And&#039;&#039; 03/23/2007 - 03/25/2007&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Kentucky&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
05/26/2006 - 05/29/2006&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;&#039;Olympia, WA&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
----&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
09/26/2003&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=The_Spudgun_Technology_Center&amp;diff=3673</id>
		<title>The Spudgun Technology Center</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=The_Spudgun_Technology_Center&amp;diff=3673"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T05:01:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The Spudgun Technology Center (Spudtech or SGTC for short) was a site started by Ed Goodman and later run by Joel Suprise, until it&#039;s closing in 2007.&lt;br /&gt;
An archive of the forums can be viewed [http://www.spudfiles.com/spudtech_archive/viewforum.php?f=4 here].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=The_Spudgun_Technology_Center&amp;diff=3672</id>
		<title>The Spudgun Technology Center</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=The_Spudgun_Technology_Center&amp;diff=3672"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T05:01:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;The Spudgun Technology Center (Spudtech or SGTC for short) Was a site started by Ed Goodman, and later run by Joel Suprise, until it&#039;s closing in 2007.&lt;br /&gt;
An archive of the forums can be viewed [http://www.spudfiles.com/spudtech_archive/viewforum.php?f=4 here].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{stub}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Camlock_coupling&amp;diff=3671</id>
		<title>Camlock coupling</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Camlock_coupling&amp;diff=3671"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T04:44:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;A camlock coupler (also refered to as cam lever couplings or cam and groove couplings) is a type fitting that allows quick connect and disconnect of components.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They are sometimes used in place of [[union]]s. They are faster to open and close, but usually rated for less pressure than unions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Camlock couplings usually exist as a threaded fitting.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is used mostly on [[combustions cannon]]s as a quick means to change between [[barrel]]s, to hold [[burst disk]]s, and for [[breech loading]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A popular camlock coupling is available from [http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[category:fittings]]&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Construction Materials]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3667</id>
		<title>Main Page</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page&amp;diff=3667"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T04:12:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: /* External links */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;=== The Spudding Handbook ===&lt;br /&gt;
Provided by the users of [http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This Spudwiki is here for you to learn about the spudgun hobby. &lt;br /&gt;
All of this is totally free so be happy and get on to registering and posting!&lt;br /&gt;
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-&#039;&#039;PCGUY (Kyle), maker of &#039;&#039;&#039;SpudFiles&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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==What you can learn here==&lt;br /&gt;
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Here you can learn all about:&lt;br /&gt;
* [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What a spudgun is]] and how it works.&lt;br /&gt;
* The different types of spudgun.&lt;br /&gt;
* How to use and [[Cannon construction|construct]] your spudgun well - [[Safety|safely]] and reliably.&lt;br /&gt;
** How to build each type of spudgun, and [[FAQ|which might be best for you]].&lt;br /&gt;
** The right [[Construction_materials|materials]] to use.&lt;br /&gt;
** The basic rules of shooting, loading and caring for your launcher.&lt;br /&gt;
* How to make basic spudding accessories like breech loaders, and how to fit pressure gauges.&lt;br /&gt;
* What types of [[Common_Fuels_for_Combustion_Spudguns|fuel to use for your combustion spudgun]], as well as the types of [[Ignition_source|ignition]].&lt;br /&gt;
* What [[Pneumatic_cannon|valves]] you can use for your pneumatics.&lt;br /&gt;
* There is advice on good and bad types of [[projectile]]s for you to use&lt;br /&gt;
* How [[Legal issues|legal]] your cannon is. &lt;br /&gt;
* And a lot more besides.&lt;br /&gt;
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Above all you will be able to find instructions on how to build things that you will love for years to come. &lt;br /&gt;
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==What is a spudgun?==&lt;br /&gt;
[[Image:Cannon.jpg|frame|An Advanced Combustion Cannon]]&lt;br /&gt;
&#039;&#039;Main article: [[What_is_a_spudgun%3F|What is a spudgun?]]&#039;&#039;&lt;br /&gt;
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In short, a spudgun is a general term used to describe home-made recreational launching devices. The name is a little misleading, because in fact, many launchers will never launch a potato, but it&#039;s a name that&#039;s stuck.&lt;br /&gt;
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They also go by several other names, commonly also called spud/potato/produce - guns/zookas/huckers/launchers/cannons. &lt;br /&gt;
A lot of people commonly just call them &amp;quot;Launchers&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;Cannons&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Types of spudgun==&lt;br /&gt;
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So far, hobbyist launchers can be grouped into:&lt;br /&gt;
* A main category of &#039;&#039;&#039;pressure&#039;&#039;&#039; based launchers. &lt;br /&gt;
* A rare sub-group of &#039;&#039;&#039;electromagnetic&#039;&#039;&#039; launchers. &lt;br /&gt;
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The vast majority fall into the former category, as they tend to be more powerful, as well as easier and cheaper to build.&lt;br /&gt;
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&#039;&#039;&#039;Pressure&#039;&#039;&#039; based launchers can be sorted into two sub groups: &lt;br /&gt;
*&#039;&#039;&#039;Pre-compressed air&#039;&#039;&#039; powered, where air at greater than atmospheric pressure is used:&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Pneumatic cannon]]s &lt;br /&gt;
** [[BB machine gun]]s&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Flammable gas&#039;&#039;&#039; powered, where the pressure is generated by the heat from combustion of flammable vapours:&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Combustion cannon]]s&lt;br /&gt;
**[[Hybrid cannon]]s&lt;br /&gt;
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The rarer &#039;&#039;&#039;electromagnetic&#039;&#039;&#039; launchers fall into three sub groups:&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Induction&#039;&#039;&#039; (Railguns, Induction coilguns), where the projectile is under a repulsive force.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Reluctance&#039;&#039;&#039; (Most Coil/Gauss guns), where the projectile is under an attractive force.&lt;br /&gt;
* &#039;&#039;&#039;Electro-thermal&#039;&#039;&#039;/&#039;&#039;&#039;Electro-thermal-chemical&#039;&#039;&#039;, where electrical power is used to generate heated gasses to provide force.&lt;br /&gt;
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==Important &amp;amp; Related Links==&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Index|Glossary/Index]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Cannon construction]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Useful construction links]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Launcher configuration]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Computer Applications]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[IPLA|International Potato Launching Association]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Safety]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[Legal issues]]&lt;br /&gt;
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[[History]] (A Brief History of Spud Guns)&lt;br /&gt;
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[[SpudFiles forum guidelines]]&lt;br /&gt;
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==External links==&lt;br /&gt;
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*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spud_gun Wikipedia&#039;s page on spudguns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.bavetta.com/aircannon.html Air Cannon Barrel Length Numerical Analysis]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.thehalls-in-bfe.com/GGDT Gas Gun Design Tool, simulation program for pneumatic guns]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/viewtopic.php?p=13324#13324 ATF Correspondence concerning spud gun legality]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudfiles.com SpudFiles Forum (aka The Spud Cannon Database)]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.spudtech.com Great source of spudgun information]&lt;br /&gt;
*[http://www.BCARMS.com BCARMS - Spud Cannon Parts, Accessories, Kits and Launchers]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=What_is_a_spudgun%3F&amp;diff=3666</id>
		<title>What is a spudgun?</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/index.php?title=What_is_a_spudgun%3F&amp;diff=3666"/>
		<updated>2008-05-31T04:07:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;BC Pneumatics: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;There are many different names for spudguns.  They are called potato cannons, spud launchers, potato guns, spud cannons, and a host of others.  Whatever you decide to call it, all of the aforementioned describe the same type of device: a device used to accelerate a potato down the barrel, and shoot it some distance.  While it may offend some purists, the humble little potato is quickly losing favor to other ammunitions such as golf balls, tennis balls, and other cheap, uniform projectiles.&lt;br /&gt;
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There are two common means to launch projectiles from a spudgun. The [[pneumatic launcher|first]] uses the energy stored in a compressed gas and the [[combustion launcher|second]], more common method, uses the energy released by combusting fuel vapors. &lt;br /&gt;
Also, there exists a rare mix of pneumatic and combustion launchers, a [[hybrid launcher|&amp;quot;hybrid&amp;quot;]], that combusts a pressurized fuel-air (or fuel/oxidizer) mixture. &lt;br /&gt;
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As more advanced concepts continue to be designed and built, the general definition of a spudgun has become a homebuilt launcher that uses expanding gases to propel a projectile, and does not use any compounds which contain their own oxidiser for the actual propulsion. &lt;br /&gt;
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The object of any of these varieties of spudguns is to propel projectiles in the direction of a designated (safe) target, for recreation and sometimes science experiments. &lt;br /&gt;
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Common [[projectile]]s include: [[potato]]es, (obviously), [[mandarin orange|mandarins]], [[tennis ball]]s, [[golf ball]]s, bb&#039;s, airsoft, or marbles.... in fact, pretty much any spare vegetable or commonly available object you can ram down the barrel. This is part of the beauty of spudguns.&lt;br /&gt;
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Some spudguns are very simple, inexpensive designs, such as the aerosol-spray-powered combustion or ball-valve and bike pump operated pneumatic. Some can get complicated and/or expensive, such as large home-made piston valved pneumatics and propane metered combustion guns. A decent potato gun can be built for as little as $15 or $20 at the local hardware store. Some people have spent thousands.&lt;br /&gt;
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When proper safety is practiced, spudding is no more dangerous than other common hobbies, such as model airplanes. Though as with any activity that can be dangerous, safety should always be your number one priority. So please, take the time to read our [[safety]] section.&lt;br /&gt;
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[[category:Concepts]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>BC Pneumatics</name></author>
	</entry>
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