SpudFiles Wiki - User contributions [en]

DWV

2016-12-18T22:37:49Z

MCRKilljoy: Created page with "DWV (Drain, Waste and Vent) is a class of plumbing parts. It is usually not rated for pressure. PVC, ABS and cast iron DWV pipes can explode, resulting in..."

DWV (Drain, Waste and Vent) is a class of plumbing parts. It is usually not rated for pressure. [[PVC]], [[ABS pipe|ABS]] and [[cast iron]] DWV pipes can explode, resulting in lethal shrapnel. Copper DWV pipe is much cheaper than pressure DWV pipe, but it is still pressure rated. Copper DWV pipe's ratings are in the hundreds of PSI.

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Cast iron

2016-12-18T22:35:29Z

MCRKilljoy:

Cast iron pipe is a type of [[DWV]] pipe. It is expensive, heavy and brittle, so it is not used on spudguns. A cast iron spudgun can explode very easily. Cast iron joints are made with a rubber gasket for hubbed cast iron or a rubber coupler for no-hub cast iron.

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Cast iron

2016-12-18T22:34:59Z

MCRKilljoy:

Cast iron pipe is a type of DWV pipe. It is expensive, heavy and brittle, so it is not used on spudguns. A cast iron spudgun can explode very easily. Cast iron joints are made with a rubber gasket for hubbed cast iron or a rubber coupler for no-hub cast iron.

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Cast iron

2016-12-18T22:34:46Z

MCRKilljoy:

Compression fitting

2016-12-18T22:34:12Z

MCRKilljoy:

Compression fittings are mainly used on [[copper pipe]], they are very simple in function. An olive, a small ring of brass not unlike in appearance to a wedding ring, fits over the copper pipe. Then when the fitting around it is tightened they will deform the olive so it grips the pipe.
Compression fittings are usually stronger than solder fittings by a small margin but are harder to airtight and don't look as nice. Compression fittings are also alot more expensive, some as much as 3 times more expensive in larger copper sizes.

[[category:Fittings]]

Copper epoxy

2016-12-18T22:33:53Z

MCRKilljoy:

Copper epoxy is an alternative to soldering. Soldered copper pipe is much stronger, but copper epoxy joints can handle about 200 psi. Copper epoxy is easy to use. Just clean the copper, apply the epoxy and let it set. After 24 hours, you will have a strong joint.

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Copper pipe

2016-12-18T22:33:08Z

MCRKilljoy:

Copper pipe and fittings are popular spudgun construction materials due to their common availability in DIY stores. It is especially popular in countries such as the UK where pressure rated plastic piping is only available by order.

==Pros/Cons==

The primary advantages of copper pipe are that it is rated to much higher [[pressure]]s than PVC, and has better failure characteristics due to it's high malleability which results in splitting rather than shattering. This makes it well suited for making high pressure [[pneumatic cannon]]s and [[hybrid cannon|hybrid]]s. The pressure ratings have a safety factor of around 7.

Copper piping is typically very smooth and consistent, which combined with it's high rigidity makes it exceptional [[barrel]] material. The consistent internal diameter also makes it popular for construction of [[combustion cannon]] [[fuel meter]]s.

For comparable sizes of [[PVC]] it is around four times the price and considerably heavier, it is therefore only a viable alternative to plastic for small calibers of around 1" or less. However, DWV copper pipe and fittings are pressure rated! They are just rated to a lower pressure. DWV copper pipe and fittings are much cheaper than pressure rated ones. Pressure ratings can be found [http://cdn.conbraco.com/elkhart/documents/ref_Rated-Internal-Working-Pressures-Copper-Tube.pdf here]

For comparable sizes of [[Steel Pipe|steel]] it is has a lower pressure rating and again is more expensive. However due to the thinner walls it is comparatively light and it is cheaper to make non-mechanical joins with.

==Types & Use==

Copper pipe is usually joined by [[sweating]], using [[compression fitting]]s, or [[Copper epoxy]].
Compression fittings are much more expensive than soldering ones but require minimal tools to use (a wrench or two), copper epoxy uses the same solder fitting as for sweating but replaces the solder to make the join therefore requiring no blowtorch.

The threaded fittings for copper pipe are made of brass or less commonly, corrosion resistant/coated steel as they have better mechanical strength than pure copper.

Copper pipe comes in two tempers, annealed and drawn. Annealed pipe is very soft, is sold in coils and can usually be bent by hand. Drawn pipe is rigid, sold as straight lengths and will flex rather than bend (to a certain limit). Bending drawn pipe without causing it to flatten out requires bending springs or mechanical bending devices which force the pipe over curved forms to create the desired shape without unwanted deformation.

Drawn pipe is the most useful in spudgun construction for [[chamber]]s and barrels, since it will keep its shape and not get damaged as easily. It is also rated to about twice the pressure as an annealed pipe of the same size. Small bore annealed tubing has a place in areas such as [[pilot]] tubing from the main [[valve]] to the [[pilot valve]] where it's higher malleability allows for pilot valve positioning.

==Safety==
Due to it's relatively thin walled nature, potentially dangerous sharp ends can exist on pipe ends that have not been cleaned, and anybody using it should be aware of this.

Cutting of copper has a high attrition rate on rotary multi-tool abrasive discs, which will wear down at a high rate, and break apart regularly. Copper pipe should be cut with a hacksaw or tubing cutter.

[[category:construction materials]]

Steel Pipe

2016-12-18T22:31:30Z

MCRKilljoy:

Steel pipe is the best pipe to use for a spud gun. It is threaded and easy to use. The only downsides are that it is heavy and expensive. Steel pipe comes in two types: black and galvanized. For a spud gun, both can be used, and the two types can be mixed.

==Assembly==
Steel pipe is assembled by applying [[Teflon tape]] or pipe dope to the threads of the steel pipe. A fitting is then threaded onto the pipe, and a pipe wrench is used to tighten the parts. The joint can be pressurized right away for Teflon tape, or can be pressurized once the pipe dope is cured if you are using pipe dope. Steel pipe can be threaded to other threaded parts with the same process. A pressure rating chart can be found here: [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/astm-steel-pipes-working-pressure-d_775.html Pressure Ratings]. Reduce the working pressure for threaded pipe by 50 percent. If you need to cut and thread steel pipe, you can cut it with a reciprocating saw (make sure it is square!) and a metal cutting blade. Threading pipe can be done with a threader. The process is similar to [[tapping]]. A threader kit is about $50 online, but you may be able to rent one.

==Advantages and Disadvantages==
Steel pipe has the following advantages:
*Readily available,
*Threaded,
*Easy to assemble,
*High pressure rating,
*Rated for compressed gases,
These are the disadvantages:
*Heavy,
*Expensive

==Obtaining Steel Pipe==
Steel pipe can be found in sizes from 1/8 inch to 2 inch at most hardware stores. Larger sizes (2.5 inch, 3 inch and 4 inch) can be found at industrial supply stores or online. Not all hardware stores carry steel pipe that is under 1/2 inch, but most do. Most hardware stores stock black iron pipe from 3/8 inch to 1 inch and galvanized from 1/8 to 2 inch. Nipples (short threaded pipe sections) are available form close (very short and used to connect two fittings) to 12 inch. Precut and threaded steel pipe is found in lengths from 18 inch to 21 feet. Usually precut pipe is only available in 1/2 inch to 1 inch. Most hardware stores will cut and thread steel pipe for you for a fee.

==Fittings==
Fittings for steel pipe come in three materials: Cast Iron (CI), Malleable Iron (MI) and forged steel. Most fittings at a hardware store are Class 150 MI fittings, meaning that they are rated to 300 PSI. Industrial supply stores and online shops will often carry Class 300 MI fittings. These fittings are rated to 2000 PSI for sizes up to 1", 1500 PSI for 1.25" to 2", and 1000 PSI for 2.5" and higher. Forged steel fittings can be found online, and are rated to extremely high pressures and will most likely not be used for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are rated to 250 PSI for Class 125 and 500 PSI for Class 250. These fittings are heavy, brittle and expensive so they are not recommended for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are usually only found at industrial supply stores and are used mostly for steam. They are very thick to make up for the weak and brittle nature of cast iron. These are the markings found on CI and MI fittings:
*No marking and low profile: Class 150 MI.
*No marking and very thick: Class 125 CI.
*300 WSP: Class 300 MI.
*XXXX WOG: Class 300 MI. The WOG is the pressure rating.
*250 WSP: Class 250 CI.

Dowel

2016-12-15T00:57:38Z

MCRKilljoy: Created page with "Dowel rods are great ammo for a spud gun. There are many sizes. Dowels are very cheap. A 1/2" dowel (a perfect fit in 1/2" copper pipe costs about $0.50 per foot. Dowels a..."

Dowel rods are great ammo for a spud gun. There are many sizes. Dowels are very cheap. A 1/2" dowel (a perfect fit in 1/2" [[copper pipe]] costs about $0.50 per foot. Dowels are usually used in [[pneumatic cannons]]. Dowels can be modified by driving a wood screw through them, resulting in a powerful projectile that can penetrate deep into wood.

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AA Battery

2016-12-15T00:55:26Z

MCRKilljoy: Created page with "AA batteries are good ammo for smaller spudguns. A good barrel for these is 1/2" SCH 40 PVC pipe, but wadding is required. 1/2" copper pipe is a better choice. AA ..."

AA batteries are good ammo for smaller spudguns. A good barrel for these is 1/2" SCH 40 [[PVC pipe]], but [[wadding]] is required. 1/2" [[copper pipe]] is a better choice. AA batteries easily penetrate plywood.

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Gate valve

2016-12-14T00:10:02Z

MCRKilljoy:

A gate valve is a multi-turn valve that is sometimes used on a spudgun for flow control. It is not suitable for use as the main valve, as it is a multi-turn valve. Gate valves are usually rated to 200 PSI for a brass one. PVC, cast iron and stainless steel gate valves are also available.

[[category:valves]]

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You might be a spudder if

2016-12-11T19:35:34Z

MCRKilljoy:

This was originally posted by [http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/topic-t14691.html Drex on the 31st May 2008]

 '''Note by Ragnarok:''' I'm far too lazy to copy much of that topic into this page (I've done the fire three pages). Someone else can do some more.'' 
However, don't just copy the list across blindly. Consider if it will be funny if taken out of context. Something may be amusing if you know DYI said it, and you know about one of his projects/mishaps - but take that away, it may no longer be funny.

For example, this:
"You might be a spudgunner if you have to think of a story to explain why 30kgs of pipe and valves are in your suitcases at the airport"
is funny if you know that it was posted by MrCrowley, and that he brought back a large load of American pipe when on a trip there. Without that context, it's less amusing.

Also, if it's not very good, don't copy it across. Consider this a "best of" compilation.

==The List==

You might be a spudgunner if:
* you can get to the plumbing section of your local hardware store blindfolded.
* you get excited over 1.5" SDR 21 PVC pipe
* you put every object you come across into one of two categories: "good for ammo" or "not good for ammo"
* you know how to pronounce pneumatic
* you know what pneumatic means
* the first place that comes to your mind when you here the word shopping is mcmaster.com
* you don't mind being perceived as 'that mental guy shooting stuff'
* you spend more time thinking about valves than about women
* if every time you buy pipe from a store, somebody asks you 'what are you planning on making?'
* when you see a pneumatic cannon the first thing you do is check for dwv
* your neighbours are used to large explosions
* you have kilos of marbles, bolts and ball bearings in your pockets
* every time you pass the potatoes in the supermarket, you grab the biggest bag they have
* when someone mentions the word potato, you think of them down range
* there are shards of plywood covering your lawn
* you get angry at people destroying pipes
* there are random holes in parts of your property
* you accept payments in pvc
* people consider you the "MacGyver" of pipe
* every piece of plywood you own has at least one or two holes in it
* you think "compressor" whenever you hear the word "fridge"
* you spend at least $2000 on pipes every year
* you bought a PC partly because of Spudfiles
* you can't get to sleep over a propane problem
* You choose to stay at home and design a new gun other than going out with friends
* you see someone drinking a soda, and think "wow that's a really cool bottle, I wonder what pressure it can take."
* you see a construction site, and the first thing you look for is rare types of pipe!
* you know 6 different units for pressure.
* you see a gas meter or other plumbing assembly and you think "If I take it apart, can I build a spudgun out of it?"

'''(Insert more list here)'''

Identifying Pressure Rated PVC

2016-12-10T17:13:30Z

MCRKilljoy: /* Identifying Pressure Rated PVC By Look */

Pressure Rated PVC is a fairly common type of spudgun material that most spudguns are made from. It can be found at your local Lowes, Home Depot or Ace Hardware in America. If you are outside the US, you are more likely to find cheap PVC at a Plumbing Merchant, but it can also be found in Aus/NZ at a Bunnings or Masters.

Identifying the correct type of PVC to use in a [[Pneumatic]] or [[Hybrid]] cannon is vital because of the high pressures involved.
[[Combustion]] cannons don't need to be made from pressure rated pipe in most cases, but if you don't mind the weight and cost, the additional safety provided by the pipe can only benefit your cannon.

==PVC and Combustion Cannons==

Generally, most spudders who build combustion cannons will not use pressure rated PVC due to the relatively low pressure spike generated by most combustion cannons, and the cost and weight of pressure rated PVC. About 30-45 PSI is generated in hairspray fueled cannons and about 60-75 PSI in [[propane]] or [[MAPP]] powered cannons, which DWV (Non-Pressure Rated) PVC or ABS can typically withstand. However, wall thickness should be taken into account if the pipe is not rated.

There have been few reports of DWV PVC combustion cannons failing, but this is probably due to pipe fatigue, thin-wall PVC usage, or cracks formed from threaded fittings connected to the chamber.

Advanced Combustion cannons should be constructed with pressure rated pipes.

==PVC and Pneumatic Cannons==

Pressure rated components are essential in making a safe [[pneumatic cannon]]. Because of the higher pressures reached by pneumatic cannons compared to combustion cannons, pressure rated fittings are vital.

Pressure rated PVC is the most common pneumatic cannon material because of the reasonably low cost, availability, and relatively low weight. It also suits a pneumatic very well, having a wide range of different types of fittings and usually a high pressure rating, with a decent safety factor (3, in most cases).

DWV PVC has been exposed to around 80-120 PSI in a pneumatic, but this is definitely not recommended. DWV has no rating, meaning it could blow as low as 1 PSI.

==PVC and Hybrid Cannons==

Pressure rated PVC (Sch 80) was generally a common material in making hybrids until, by general concensus, it was deemed too dangerous after several cannon failures around 4-6x mixes.

If you plan on making a hybrid from PVC, NSF-PW Sch 80 PVC is the minimum requirement but it would be best to stay under 4x mixes.

Most hybrids are constructed from galvanized steel pipe, which is more expensive in larger sizes and weighs more, but the pressure rating is far higher.

==PVC Sch 40 and Sch 80 Specification Table==
[http://www.spudfiles.com/forums/files/pvcspecsheet_196.jpg]
Source: http://www.pvcplus.com/PVC%20schedule_40_&_80_pipe.htm

==Identifying Pressure Rated PVC By Look==

If you are having problems separating Pressure Rated PVC components from DWV PVC, these few differences should make it crystal clear next time you go to a hardware store.

'''DWV Fittings:'''

DWV PVC fittings have a few obvious traits that you can use to identify them.
[[image:DWV Fittings.jpg|thumb|Non Pressure Rated PVC Fittings (DWV)]]
* Shallow sockets, DWV fittings have shorter socket depths in their fittings.
* Ring around fitting, DWV fittings usually have a 'ring' around the outside of the sockets, Pressure Rated fittings, don't.
* Thickness, DWV fittings and pipe are very thin compared to their Pressure Rated counterparts.
* Odd shape, some DWV fittings look very odd and drastically different to Pressure Rated fittings.

'''Pressure Rated Fittings:'''

Pressure Rated PVC fittings generally have the opposite traits as DWV fittings.
* Deeper socket lengths
* 'Full' fitting, no rings around the fittings.
* Thickness, thicker then DWV fittings.
* Symmetrical look to the fitting, no odd shapes.
[[Image:PR PVC.jpg|thumb|Pressure Rated PVC Fittings]]

''Common Misconception:'' Even though [http://www.championlighting.com/pics/pumppics/dolphin/bell_red.jpg Bell Reducers] look Pressure rated, in most cases they are not. It is best to stick to [http://www.milmar.com/images/Sch%2040%20Reducing%20Bushing%20(SxS).JPG Reducing Bushings] because they are usually pressure rated, make sure to check first though.

==Identifying Pressure Rated PVC By Text==

''Common Misconception:'' Sch 40 written on the fitting/pipe does not mean the fitting/pipe is pressure rated, the 'Sch' system is a thickness rating, not a pressure rating. You need to look for NSF-PW.

''Tip:'' On a Pressure Rated fitting, the writing is usually raised and can be read once painted over. In the case of pipe, if enough layers of paint are on the pipe, you probably can't read the print, so make sure to write down what the pipe has written on it before you paint over it.

''Note:'' The above is intended for identifying American fittings and pipe. To identify Australia/New Zealand fittings, see below.

'''Fittings:'''

To find out if a fitting is pressure rated, it should have 'NSF-PW' written in raised text, it may also have Sch 40 (or 80,120 etc) on it. Most American fittings don't have a pressure rating on them, but if they have NSF-PW ("PW" stands for Potable Water, which, by nature is under pressure), you're okay, it will be pressure rated.

'''Pipe:'''

For pressure rated pipe, it should have written on the side: 'NSF-PW Sch 40 (or 80,120, etc) XXXPSI @73F'

XXXPSI, is the pressure rating, it changes depending on the 'schedule' rating and the diameter of the pipe. The pipe may also have a different temperature rating, but the most common say '@73F'.

The pipe may also have 'DWV" written on it, as long as the pipe has a pressure rating, e.g '300PSI @73F' you're okay.

If it doesn't have 'NSF-PW' or pressure rating, chances are it's DWV.

You can also identify Pressure Rated or DWV fittings and pipe by their 'AS' number written on them, but it's not essential to learn. More details about 'AS' numbers coming soon.

'''Identifying Australian/NZ Pressure Rated PVC fittings:'''

Since Aus/NZ use a different measuring system, PVC fittings and pipe have a different way of identifying if they are Pressure Rated or not.

'''Fittings:'''

To find out if a PVC fitting is Pressure Rated or not, it should have written on it in either raised or plain text, either:

* Class X (The class ranges from A-F, with F being the most pressure rated, usually Class 'C' is a minimum in a pneumatic.)
* PN XX (The PN (Pressure Number) system has ratings ranging from 0-22+. PN 10, 12 or 18 are the most common and PN 10 should be the lowest rated fitting you should use in a pneumatic.)

It's that simple. To find the pressure rating in PSI, multiply the PN number by 14.5. E.g PN18 x 14.5PSI = 261PSI.
The PN number is in BAR, to find it in Kpa, multiply the PN number by 100. E.g PN18 x 100 = 1800Kpa.

'''Pipe:'''

To find the pressure rating of PVC pipe, use the same system as you did with the fittings. Find the PN or Class number.
Try not to get confused with the 'DN' number, which is the nominal diameter in millimetres. E.g DN50 = Diameter 50mm.

As with the American system, there is another way to determine the pressure rating, and that is by AS/NZS number. More information to come soon.

'''European Pressure Rating System:'''
In Europe the EN 1452-2 norm is used to classify pressure rated pipes, and they are identified with a PN (pressure number) code, which stands for the allowable pressure in Bar. The most common ratings are PN10 for pipes and PN16 for fittings, corresponding to 10 Bar (145 Psi) and 16 Bar (230 Psi), but up to PN25 is available.

Copper epoxy

2016-12-09T15:24:42Z

MCRKilljoy: Created page with "Copper epoxy is an alternative to soldering. Soldered copper pipe is much stronger, but copper epoxy joints can handle about 200 psi. COpper epoxy is easy to use. Just clean t..."

Copper epoxy is an alternative to soldering. Soldered copper pipe is much stronger, but copper epoxy joints can handle about 200 psi. COpper epoxy is easy to use. Just clean the copper, apply the epoxy and let it set. After 24 hours, you will have a strong joint.

{{stub}}

Copper pipe

2016-12-09T15:22:53Z

MCRKilljoy: /* Pros/Cons */

Copper pipe and fittings are popular spudgun construction materials due to their common availability in DIY stores. It is especially popular in countries such as the UK where pressure rated plastic piping is only available by order.

==Pros/Cons==

The primary advantages of copper pipe are that it is rated to much higher [[pressure]]s than PVC, and has better failure characteristics due to it's high malleability which results in splitting rather than shattering. This makes it well suited for making high pressure [[pneumatic cannon]]s and [[hybrid cannon|hybrid]]s. The pressure ratings have a safety factor of around 7.

Copper piping is typically very smooth and consistent, which combined with it's high rigidity makes it exceptional [[barrel]] material. The consistent internal diameter also makes it popular for construction of [[combustion cannon]] [[fuel meter]]s.

For comparable sizes of [[PVC]] it is around four times the price and considerably heavier, it is therefore only a viable alternative to plastic for small calibers of around 1" or less. However, DWV copper pipe and fittings are pressure rated! They are just rated to a lower pressure. DWV copper pipe and fittings are much cheaper than pressure rated ones. Pressure ratings can be found [http://cdn.conbraco.com/elkhart/documents/ref_Rated-Internal-Working-Pressures-Copper-Tube.pdf here]

For comparable sizes of [[Steel Pipe|steel]] it is has a lower pressure rating and again is more expensive. However due to the thinner walls it is comparatively light and it is cheaper to make non-mechanical joins with.

==Types & Use==

Copper pipe is usually joined by [[sweating]], using [[compression fitting]]s, or [[Copper epoxy]].
Compression fittings are much more expensive than soldering ones but require minimal tools to use (a spanner or two), copper epoxy uses the same solder fitting as for sweating but replaces the solder to make the join therefore requiring no blowtorch.

The threaded fittings for copper pipe are made of brass or less commonly, corrosion resistant/coated steel as they have better mechanical strength than pure copper.

Copper pipe comes in two tempers, annealed and drawn. Annealed pipe is very soft, is sold in coils and can usually be bent by hand. Drawn pipe is rigid, sold as straight lengths and will flex rather than bend (to a certain limit). Bending drawn pipe without causing it to flatten out requires bending springs or mechanical bending devices which force the pipe over curved forms to create the desired shape without unwanted deformation.

Drawn pipe is the most useful in spudgun construction for [[chamber]]s and barrels, since it will keep its shape and not get damaged as easily. It is also rated to about twice the pressure as an annealed pipe of the same size. Small bore annealed tubing has a place in areas such as [[pilot]] tubing from the main [[valve]] to the [[pilot valve]] where it's higher malleability allows for pilot valve positioning.

==Safety==
Copper or Brass pipe/fittings should not be used with [[acetylene]] gas, as copper alloys can act as a catalyst to the explosive decomposition of the gas.

Due to it's relatively thin walled nature, potentially dangerous sharp ends can exist on pipe ends that have not been cleaned, and anybody using it should be aware of this.

Cutting of copper has a high attrition rate on rotary multi-tool abrasive discs, which will wear down at a high rate, and break apart regularly. Use of safety goggles is recommended

[[category:construction materials]]

Flanged

2016-12-09T00:44:46Z

MCRKilljoy:

Flanges are used to connect large pipe to fittings and [[butterfly valve|valves]]. Flanges are attached to pipe by welding or threads. Sections of pipe with flanges already welded n can be found. Most flanges are metal, but there are PVC ones too, and they are connected with solvent welding or threads.

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Flanged

2016-12-09T00:44:26Z

MCRKilljoy: Created page with "Flanges are used to connect large pipe to fittings and valves. Flanges are attached to pipe by welding or threads. Sections of pipe with flanges already we..."

Grooved

2016-12-09T00:43:25Z

MCRKilljoy: Created page with "Grooved pipe fittings are used for very large pipes. To connect grooved pipe, a grooving tool is required to make a groove on the pipe. {{stub}}"

Grooved pipe fittings are used for very large pipes. To connect grooved pipe, a grooving tool is required to make a groove on the pipe.

{{stub}}

Tee

2016-12-09T00:41:19Z

MCRKilljoy:

[[Image:Tee.gif|right|thumb|130px| A 1" SCH-40 PVC Tee]]

A '''tee''' has 3 [[solvent welding|solvent welded]] (or [[female threads|threaded]] in the case of steel) openings. Steel tees also come in weld-in types, but these are mainly for industrial use. [[Flanged]] or [[grooved]] tee fittings are used for huge pipes. 
These are arranged in a planar arrangement, each skewed 90* from the last. This looks a bit like the letter "T", which is where the fitting derives it's name.

Tees are useful for connecting 2 pipes into one, such as connecting two [[chamber]]s to one [[valve]] or connecting many valves to a common trigger.

A more advanced use of tee fittings is as the basis for both barrel- and chamber-sealing [[piston valve]]s. The valve itself is constructed inside the tee, and the outlets are connected to the chamber, [[barrel]] and [[pilot valve]].

[[category:fittings]]

Tee

2016-12-09T00:40:44Z

MCRKilljoy:

[[Image:Tee.gif|right|thumb|130px| A 1" SCH-40 PVC Tee]]

A '''tee''' has 3 [[solvent weld]] (or [[female threads|threaded]] in the case of steel) openings. Steel tees also come in weld-in types, but these are mainly for industrial use. [[Flanged]] or [[grooved]] tee fittings are used for huge pipes. 
These are arranged in a planar arrangement, each skewed 90* from the last. This looks a bit like the letter "T", which is where the fitting derives it's name.

Tees are useful for connecting 2 pipes into one, such as connecting two [[chamber]]s to one [[valve]] or connecting many valves to a common trigger.

A more advanced use of tee fittings is as the basis for both barrel- and chamber-sealing [[piston valve]]s. The valve itself is constructed inside the tee, and the outlets are connected to the chamber, [[barrel]] and [[pilot valve]].

[[category:fittings]]

Ball valve

2016-12-09T00:38:57Z

MCRKilljoy:

[[Image:Wballvalve.png|frame|Cross-section of typical ball valve; A is barrel, B is ball, C is handle (not actually in the plane of the cut), D is chamber]]
[[Image:Ball_valve.jpg|frame|A photo of a typical PVC ball valve]]
'''Ball valves''' open with a 90* twist of lever, similar to the operation of a [[butterfly valve]]. They are about the cheapest [[valve]] you can get, but also (typically) yield the worst performance, due to the slow [[opening time]].
The flow of a ball valve, however, is quite good due to its straight-through nature. This will tend to even out the situation in cannons with very long [[barrel]]s and/or heavy projectiles (and thus long barrel dwell times). Ball valves are also used to isolate parts of a launcher, for example, when filling with a male [[quick disconnect]] to stop air from escaping. [[Gate valve|Gate valves]] can be used here too.

Opening time can be shortened by:
* Using a spring or a pneumatic ram to actuate the valve
* Applying dish soap or other lubricant to the moving part. Oil or oil based lubricants should ''not'' be used, because they can damage the seals. Lubricating the ball valve will decrease friction and will result in a faster opening time.

However, there is more performance to be gained by using a faster valve, such as a butterfly valve, [[piston valve|piston]] or [[diaphragm valve]], or a [[burst disk]].

It is possible to achieve extremely low opening times with ball valves through somewhat unconventional methods. Unfortunately, to open in the time necessary to make it a practical valve, a rather large amount of energy must be applied - so much, in fact, that in the lone test this was actually tried, the kinetic energy of the handle completely demolished the valve, and the ram was never recovered. This only serves to prove that you really are better off with a faster valve.

[[category:valves]]

Ball valve

2016-12-09T00:38:41Z

MCRKilljoy:

[[Image:Wballvalve.png|frame|Cross-section of typical ball valve; A is barrel, B is ball, C is handle (not actually in the plane of the cut), D is chamber]]
[[Image:Ball_valve.jpg|frame|A photo of a typical PVC ball valve]]
'''Ball valves''' open with a 90* twist of lever, similar to the operation of a [[butterfly valve]]. They are about the cheapest [[valve]] you can get, but also (typically) yield the worst performance, due to the slow [[opening time]].
The flow of a ball valve, however, is quite good due to its straight-through nature. This will tend to even out the situation in cannons with very long [[barrel]]s and/or heavy projectiles (and thus long barrel dwell times). Ball valves are also used to isolate parts of a launcher, for example, when filling with a male [[quick disconnect]] to stop air from escaping. [[Gate valves]] can be used here too.

Opening time can be shortened by:
* Using a spring or a pneumatic ram to actuate the valve
* Applying dish soap or other lubricant to the moving part. Oil or oil based lubricants should ''not'' be used, because they can damage the seals. Lubricating the ball valve will decrease friction and will result in a faster opening time.

However, there is more performance to be gained by using a faster valve, such as a butterfly valve, [[piston valve|piston]] or [[diaphragm valve]], or a [[burst disk]].

It is possible to achieve extremely low opening times with ball valves through somewhat unconventional methods. Unfortunately, to open in the time necessary to make it a practical valve, a rather large amount of energy must be applied - so much, in fact, that in the lone test this was actually tried, the kinetic energy of the handle completely demolished the valve, and the ram was never recovered. This only serves to prove that you really are better off with a faster valve.

[[category:valves]]

Female threads

2016-12-09T00:37:02Z

MCRKilljoy:

Female threads are pipe threads that are found on fittings and valves. Female threads mate with the male threads found on some fittings (like street elbows and [[pressure gauge|pressure gauges]] and pipes.

Female threads

2016-12-09T00:36:39Z

MCRKilljoy: Created page with "Female threads are pipe threads that are found on fittings and valves. Female threads mate with the male threads found on some fittings (like street elbows and pressure gaug..."

Female threads are pipe threads that are found on fittings and valves. Female threads mate with the male threads found on some fittings (like street elbows and [[pressure gauges]] and pipes.

Steel Pipe

2016-12-09T00:35:26Z

MCRKilljoy:

Steel pipe is the best pipe to use for a spud gun. It is threaded and easy to use. The only downsides are that it is heavy and expensive. Steel pipe comes in two types: black and galvanized. For a spud gun, both can be used, and the two types can be mixed.

==Assembly==
Steel pipe is assembled by applying [[Teflon tape]] or pipe dope to the threads of the steel pipe. A fitting is then threaded onto the pipe, and a pipe wrench is used to tighten the parts. The joint can be pressurized right away for Teflon tape, or can be pressurized once the pipe dope is cured if you are using pipe dope. Steel pipe can be threaded to other threaded parts with the same process. A pressure rating chart can be found here: [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/astm-steel-pipes-working-pressure-d_775.html Pressure Ratings]. Reduce the working pressure for threaded pipe by 50 percent. If you need to cut and thread steel pipe, you can cut it with a reciprocating saw (make sure it is square!) and a metal cutting blade. Threading pipe can be done with a threader. The process is similar to [[tapping]]. A threader kit is about $50 online, but you may be able to rent one.

==Advantages and Disadvantages==
Steel pipe has the following advantages:
<nowiki>Readily available,
Threaded,
Easy to assemble,
High pressure rating,
Rated for compressed gases,</nowiki>

These are the disadvantages:
<nowiki>Heavy,
Expensive</nowiki>

==Obtaining Steel Pipe==
Steel pipe can be found in sizes from 1/8 inch to 2 inch at most hardware stores. Larger sizes (2.5 inch, 3 inch and 4 inch) can be found at industrial supply stores or online. Not all hardware stores carry steel pipe that is under 1/2 inch, but most do. Most hardware stores stock black iron pipe from 3/8 inch to 1 inch and galvanized from 1/8 to 2 inch. Nipples (short threaded pipe sections) are available form close (very short and used to connect two fittings) to 12 inch. Precut and threaded steel pipe is found in lengths from 18 inch to 21 feet. Usually precut pipe is only available in 1/2 inch to 1 inch. Most hardware stores will cut and thread steel pipe for you for a fee.

==Fittings==
Fittings for steel pipe come in three materials: Cast Iron (CI), Malleable Iron (MI) and forged steel. Most fittings at a hardware store are Class 150 MI fittings, meaning that they are rated to 300 PSI. Industrial supply stores and online shops will often carry Class 300 MI fittings. These fittings are rated to 2000 PSI for sizes up to 1", 1500 PSI for 1.25" to 2", and 1000 PSI for 2.5" and higher. Forged steel fittings can be found online, and are rated to extremely high pressures and will most likely not be used for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are rated to 250 PSI for Class 125 and 500 PSI for Class 250. These fittings are heavy, brittle and expensive so they are not recommended for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are usually only found at industrial supply stores and are used mostly for steam. They are very thick to make up for the weak and brittle nature of cast iron. These are the markings found on CI and MI fittings:
No marking and low profile: Class 150 MI.
No marking and very thick: Class 125 CI.
300 WSP: Class 300 MI.
XXXX WOG: Class 300 MI. The WOG is the pressure rating.
250 WSP: Class 250 CI.

Gate valve

2016-12-09T00:34:25Z

MCRKilljoy:

Gate valve

2016-12-09T00:34:13Z

MCRKilljoy:

Gate valve

2016-12-09T00:33:57Z

MCRKilljoy: Created page with "A gate valve is a multi-turn valve that is sometimes used on a spudgun for flow control. It is not suitable for use as the main valve, as it is a multi-turn valve. Gate valve..."

Cast iron

2016-12-09T00:32:06Z

MCRKilljoy: Created page with "Cast iron pipe is a type of DWV pipe. It is expensive, heavy and brittle, so it is not used on spudguns. A cast iron spudgun can explode very easily. Cast iron joints are made..."

Cleanout

2016-12-09T00:30:28Z

MCRKilljoy:

A cleanout plug is a pipe fitting that is normally used to allow access to a sewer system. It is mainly used on a combustion spudgun. There are two parts: a cleanout adapter, and the plug itself. The cleanout adapter is just a female adapter, and the plug is just a plain NPT plug. Because these fittings are used for sewer lines, there are no pressure rated cleanouts. This fitting comes in both [[PVC pipe|PVC]] and [ABS pipe|ABS]. [[Copper pipe|Copper]] and [[Cast iron|cast iron]] cleanouts exist, but are expensive and not used on spudguns.

Cleanout

2016-12-09T00:30:04Z

MCRKilljoy: Created page with "A cleanout plug is a pipe fitting that is normally used to allow access to a sewer system. It is mainly used on a combustion spudgun. There are two parts: a cleanout adapter, ..."

A cleanout plug is a pipe fitting that is normally used to allow access to a sewer system. It is mainly used on a combustion spudgun. There are two parts: a cleanout adapter, and the plug itself. The cleanout adapter is just a female adapter, and the plug is just a plain NPT plug. Because these fittings are used for sewer lines, there are no pressure rated cleanouts. This fitting comes in both [[PVC pipe|PVC] and [ABS pipe|ABS]. [Copper pipe|Copper] and [Cast iron|cast iron] cleanouts exist, but are expensive and not used on spudguns.

Wantedpages

2016-12-09T00:27:23Z

MCRKilljoy: /* Building materials and construction */

I am making this as a page to list pages people want to see created. This page separate from the [[Special:Wantedpages|page from the special section]] which shows non-existent pages with links to them. These can either be a result of a wanted page or just bad linking.

==Building materials and construction==
*Threads
*Flange
*Cleanout
*Plug
*Cap
*Elbow
*Chamfering
*Teflon tape (MADE)
*ABS (MADE)
*Syringe
*Fire extinguishers
*Epoxy

==Accessories and improvements==
*Hop-up
*Suppressors
*Muzzle brake
*Propane bottle adapter
*Propane bottle adapter how-to make
*Painting
*Ramrod
*Ballistic pendulum

==Theories==
*Blowby
*Automatic firing
*Semi-automatic firing
*Drag coefficient (CD)
*Cleaning
*Hang-time

==Fuels and related==
*Alcohol
*Hydrogen
*Methane
*Helium
*Oxygen
*Nitrogen
*Air

==Valves==
*Gate valve
*Globe valve
*Hammer valve

==Tools==
*HCMP
*Launcher Range Calculator
*ProMeterSuite
*SpudTool

==Ammo==
*Airsoft BB
*0.177 BB
*Water

==Other==
*Spudfiles

Steel pipe

2016-12-08T16:17:44Z

MCRKilljoy: /* Assembly */

Steel pipe is the best pipe to use for a spud gun. It is threaded and easy to use. The only downsides are that it is heavy and expensive. Steel pipe comes in two types: black and galvanized. For a spud gun, both can be used, and the two types can be mixed.

==Assembly==
Steel pipe is assembled by applying [[Teflon tape]] or pipe dope to the threads of the steel pipe. A fitting is then threaded onto the pipe, and a pipe wrench is used to tighten the parts. The joint can be pressurized right away for Teflon tape, or can be pressurized once the pipe dope is cured if you are using pipe dope. Steel pipe can be threaded to other threaded parts with the same process. A pressure rating chart can be found here: [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/astm-steel-pipes-working-pressure-d_775.html Pressure Ratings]. Reduce the working pressure for threaded pipe by 50 percent. If you need to cut and thread steel pipe, you can cut it with a reciprocating saw (make sure it is square!) and a metal cutting blade. Threading pipe can be done with a threader. The process is similar to [[tapping]]. A threader kit is about $50 online, but you may be able to rent one.

==Advantages and Disadvantages==
Steel pipe has the following advantages:
<nowiki>Readily available,
Threaded,
Easy to assemble,
High pressure rating,
Rated for compressed gases,</nowiki>

These are the disadvantages:
<nowiki>Heavy,
Expensive</nowiki>

==Obtaining Steel Pipe==
Steel pipe can be found in sizes from 1/8 inch to 2 inch at most hardware stores. Larger sizes (2.5 inch, 3 inch and 4 inch) can be found at industrial supply stores or online. Not all hardware stores carry steel pipe that is under 1/2 inch, but most do. Most hardware stores stock black iron pipe from 3/8 inch to 1 inch and galvanized from 1/8 to 2 inch. Nipples (short threaded pipe sections) are available form close (very short and used to connect two fittings) to 12 inch. Precut and threaded steel pipe is found in lengths from 18 inch to 21 feet. Usually precut pipe is only available in 1/2 inch to 1 inch. Most hardware stores will cut and thread steel pipe for you for a fee.

==Fittings==
Fittings for steel pipe come in three materials: Cast Iron (CI), Malleable Iron (MI) and forged steel. Most fittings at a hardware store are Class 150 MI fittings, meaning that they are rated to 300 PSI. Industrial supply stores and online shops will often carry Class 300 MI fittings. These fittings are rated to 2000 PSI for sizes up to 1", 1500 PSI for 1.25" to 2", and 1000 PSI for 2.5" and higher. Forged steel fittings can be found online, and are rated to extremely high pressures and will most likely not be used for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are rated to 250 PSI for Class 125 and 500 PSI for Class 250. These fittings are heavy, brittle and expensive so they are not recommended for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are usually only found at industrial supply stores and are used mostly for steam. They are very thick to make up for the weak and brittle nature of cast iron. These are the markings found on CI and MI fittings:
No marking and low profile: Class 150 MI.
No marking and very thick: Class 125 CI.
300 WSP: Class 300 MI.
XXXX WOG: Class 300 MI. The WOG is the pressure rating.
250 WSP: Class 250 CI.

Steel pipe

2016-12-08T16:14:19Z

MCRKilljoy: /* Fittings */

Steel pipe is the best pipe to use for a spud gun. It is threaded and easy to use. The only downsides are that it is heavy and expensive. Steel pipe comes in two types: black and galvanized. For a spud gun, both can be used, and the two types can be mixed.

==Assembly==
Steel pipe is assembled by applying [[Teflon tape]] or pipe dope to the threads of the steel pipe. A fitting is then threaded onto the pipe, and a pipe wrench is used to tighten the parts. The joint can be pressurized right away for Teflon tape, or can be pressurized once the pipe dope is cured if you are using pipe dope. Steel pipe can be threaded to other threaded parts with the same process. A pressure rating chart can be found here: [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/astm-steel-pipes-working-pressure-d_775.html Pressure Ratings]. Reduce the working pressure for threaded pipe by 50 percent. If you need to cut and thread steel pipe, you can cut it with a reciprocating saw (make sure it is square!) and a metal cutting blade. Threading pipe can be done with a threader. The process is similar to [[taping]]. A threader kit is about $50 online, but you may be able to rent one.

==Advantages and Disadvantages==
Steel pipe has the following advantages:
<nowiki>Readily available,
Threaded,
Easy to assemble,
High pressure rating,
Rated for compressed gases,</nowiki>

These are the disadvantages:
<nowiki>Heavy,
Expensive</nowiki>

==Obtaining Steel Pipe==
Steel pipe can be found in sizes from 1/8 inch to 2 inch at most hardware stores. Larger sizes (2.5 inch, 3 inch and 4 inch) can be found at industrial supply stores or online. Not all hardware stores carry steel pipe that is under 1/2 inch, but most do. Most hardware stores stock black iron pipe from 3/8 inch to 1 inch and galvanized from 1/8 to 2 inch. Nipples (short threaded pipe sections) are available form close (very short and used to connect two fittings) to 12 inch. Precut and threaded steel pipe is found in lengths from 18 inch to 21 feet. Usually precut pipe is only available in 1/2 inch to 1 inch. Most hardware stores will cut and thread steel pipe for you for a fee.

==Fittings==
Fittings for steel pipe come in three materials: Cast Iron (CI), Malleable Iron (MI) and forged steel. Most fittings at a hardware store are Class 150 MI fittings, meaning that they are rated to 300 PSI. Industrial supply stores and online shops will often carry Class 300 MI fittings. These fittings are rated to 2000 PSI for sizes up to 1", 1500 PSI for 1.25" to 2", and 1000 PSI for 2.5" and higher. Forged steel fittings can be found online, and are rated to extremely high pressures and will most likely not be used for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are rated to 250 PSI for Class 125 and 500 PSI for Class 250. These fittings are heavy, brittle and expensive so they are not recommended for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are usually only found at industrial supply stores and are used mostly for steam. They are very thick to make up for the weak and brittle nature of cast iron. These are the markings found on CI and MI fittings:
No marking and low profile: Class 150 MI.
No marking and very thick: Class 125 CI.
300 WSP: Class 300 MI.
XXXX WOG: Class 300 MI. The WOG is the pressure rating.
250 WSP: Class 250 CI.

Steel pipe

2016-12-08T16:13:54Z

MCRKilljoy: /* Assembly */

Steel pipe is the best pipe to use for a spud gun. It is threaded and easy to use. The only downsides are that it is heavy and expensive. Steel pipe comes in two types: black and galvanized. For a spud gun, both can be used, and the two types can be mixed.

==Assembly==
Steel pipe is assembled by applying [[Teflon tape]] or pipe dope to the threads of the steel pipe. A fitting is then threaded onto the pipe, and a pipe wrench is used to tighten the parts. The joint can be pressurized right away for Teflon tape, or can be pressurized once the pipe dope is cured if you are using pipe dope. Steel pipe can be threaded to other threaded parts with the same process. A pressure rating chart can be found here: [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/astm-steel-pipes-working-pressure-d_775.html Pressure Ratings]. Reduce the working pressure for threaded pipe by 50 percent. If you need to cut and thread steel pipe, you can cut it with a reciprocating saw (make sure it is square!) and a metal cutting blade. Threading pipe can be done with a threader. The process is similar to [[taping]]. A threader kit is about $50 online, but you may be able to rent one.

==Advantages and Disadvantages==
Steel pipe has the following advantages:
<nowiki>Readily available,
Threaded,
Easy to assemble,
High pressure rating,
Rated for compressed gases,</nowiki>

These are the disadvantages:
<nowiki>Heavy,
Expensive</nowiki>

==Obtaining Steel Pipe==
Steel pipe can be found in sizes from 1/8 inch to 2 inch at most hardware stores. Larger sizes (2.5 inch, 3 inch and 4 inch) can be found at industrial supply stores or online. Not all hardware stores carry steel pipe that is under 1/2 inch, but most do. Most hardware stores stock black iron pipe from 3/8 inch to 1 inch and galvanized from 1/8 to 2 inch. Nipples (short threaded pipe sections) are available form close (very short and used to connect two fittings) to 12 inch. Precut and threaded steel pipe is found in lengths from 18 inch to 21 feet. Usually precut pipe is only available in 1/2 inch to 1 inch. Most hardware stores will cut and thread steel pipe for you for a fee.

==Fittings==
Fittings for steel pipe come in three materials: Cast Iron (CI), Malleable Iron (MI) and forged steel. Most fittings at a hardware store are Class 150 MI fittings, meaning that they are rated to 300 PSI. Industrial supply stores and online shops will often carry Class 300 MI fittings. These fittings are rated to 2000 PSI for sizes up to 1", 1500 PSI for 1.25" to 2", and 1000 PSI for 2.5" and higher. Forged steel fittings can be found online, and are rated to extremely high pressures and will most likely not be used for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are rated to 250 PSI for Class 125 and 500 PSI for Class 250. These fittings are heavy, brittle and expensive so they are not recommended for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are usually only found at industrial supply stores and are used mostly for steam. They are very thick to make up for the weak and brittle nature of cast iron. These are the markings found on CI and MI fittings:
No marking and low profile: Class 150 MI
No marking and very thick: Class 125 CI
300 WSP: Class 300 MI
XXXX WOG: Class 300 MI. The WOG is the pressure rating.
250 WSP: Class 250 CI

Steel pipe

2016-12-08T16:12:33Z

MCRKilljoy: /* Obtaining Steel Pipe */

Steel pipe is the best pipe to use for a spud gun. It is threaded and easy to use. The only downsides are that it is heavy and expensive. Steel pipe comes in two types: black and galvanized. For a spud gun, both can be used, and the two types can be mixed.

==Assembly==
Steel pipe is assembled by applying [[Teflon tape]] or pipe dope to the threads of the steel pipe. A fitting is then threaded onto the pipe, and a pipe wrench is used to tighten the parts. The joint can be pressurized right away for Teflon tape, or can be pressurized once the pipe dope is cured if you are using pipe dope. Steel pipe can be threaded to other threaded parts with the same process. A pressure rating chart can be found here: [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/astm-steel-pipes-working-pressure-d_775.html Pressure Ratings]. Reduce the working pressure for threaded pipe by 50 percent.

==Advantages and Disadvantages==
Steel pipe has the following advantages:
<nowiki>Readily available,
Threaded,
Easy to assemble,
High pressure rating,
Rated for compressed gases,</nowiki>

These are the disadvantages:
<nowiki>Heavy,
Expensive</nowiki>

==Obtaining Steel Pipe==
Steel pipe can be found in sizes from 1/8 inch to 2 inch at most hardware stores. Larger sizes (2.5 inch, 3 inch and 4 inch) can be found at industrial supply stores or online. Not all hardware stores carry steel pipe that is under 1/2 inch, but most do. Most hardware stores stock black iron pipe from 3/8 inch to 1 inch and galvanized from 1/8 to 2 inch. Nipples (short threaded pipe sections) are available form close (very short and used to connect two fittings) to 12 inch. Precut and threaded steel pipe is found in lengths from 18 inch to 21 feet. Usually precut pipe is only available in 1/2 inch to 1 inch. Most hardware stores will cut and thread steel pipe for you for a fee.

==Fittings==
Fittings for steel pipe come in three materials: Cast Iron (CI), Malleable Iron (MI) and forged steel. Most fittings at a hardware store are Class 150 MI fittings, meaning that they are rated to 300 PSI. Industrial supply stores and online shops will often carry Class 300 MI fittings. These fittings are rated to 2000 PSI for sizes up to 1", 1500 PSI for 1.25" to 2", and 1000 PSI for 2.5" and higher. Forged steel fittings can be found online, and are rated to extremely high pressures and will most likely not be used for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are rated to 250 PSI for Class 125 and 500 PSI for Class 250. These fittings are heavy, brittle and expensive so they are not recommended for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are usually only found at industrial supply stores and are used mostly for steam. They are very thick to make up for the weak and brittle nature of cast iron. These are the markings found on CI and MI fittings:
No marking and low profile: Class 150 MI
No marking and very thick: Class 125 CI
300 WSP: Class 300 MI
XXXX WOG: Class 300 MI. The WOG is the pressure rating.
250 WSP: Class 250 CI

Steel pipe

2016-12-08T16:12:03Z

MCRKilljoy: /* Advantages and Disadvantages */

Steel pipe is the best pipe to use for a spud gun. It is threaded and easy to use. The only downsides are that it is heavy and expensive. Steel pipe comes in two types: black and galvanized. For a spud gun, both can be used, and the two types can be mixed.

==Assembly==
Steel pipe is assembled by applying [[Teflon tape]] or pipe dope to the threads of the steel pipe. A fitting is then threaded onto the pipe, and a pipe wrench is used to tighten the parts. The joint can be pressurized right away for Teflon tape, or can be pressurized once the pipe dope is cured if you are using pipe dope. Steel pipe can be threaded to other threaded parts with the same process. A pressure rating chart can be found here: [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/astm-steel-pipes-working-pressure-d_775.html Pressure Ratings]. Reduce the working pressure for threaded pipe by 50 percent.

==Advantages and Disadvantages==
Steel pipe has the following advantages:
<nowiki>Readily available,
Threaded,
Easy to assemble,
High pressure rating,
Rated for compressed gases,</nowiki>

These are the disadvantages:
<nowiki>Heavy,
Expensive</nowiki>

==Obtaining Steel Pipe==
Steel pipe can be found in sizes from 1/8 inch to 2 inch at most hardware stores. Larger sizes (2.5 inch, 3 inch and 4 inch) can be found at industrial supply stores or online. Not all hardware stores carry steel pipe that is under 1/2 inch, but most do. Most hardware stores stock black iron pipe from 3/8 inch to 1 inch and galvanized from 1/8 to 2 inch. Nipples (short threaded pipe sections) are available form close (very short and used to connect two fittings) to 12 inch. Precut and threaded steel pipe is found in lengths from 18 inch to 21 feet. Usually precut pipe is only available in 1/2 inch to 1 inch.

==Fittings==
Fittings for steel pipe come in three materials: Cast Iron (CI), Malleable Iron (MI) and forged steel. Most fittings at a hardware store are Class 150 MI fittings, meaning that they are rated to 300 PSI. Industrial supply stores and online shops will often carry Class 300 MI fittings. These fittings are rated to 2000 PSI for sizes up to 1", 1500 PSI for 1.25" to 2", and 1000 PSI for 2.5" and higher. Forged steel fittings can be found online, and are rated to extremely high pressures and will most likely not be used for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are rated to 250 PSI for Class 125 and 500 PSI for Class 250. These fittings are heavy, brittle and expensive so they are not recommended for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are usually only found at industrial supply stores and are used mostly for steam. They are very thick to make up for the weak and brittle nature of cast iron. These are the markings found on CI and MI fittings:
No marking and low profile: Class 150 MI
No marking and very thick: Class 125 CI
300 WSP: Class 300 MI
XXXX WOG: Class 300 MI. The WOG is the pressure rating.
250 WSP: Class 250 CI

Steel pipe

2016-12-08T16:11:51Z

MCRKilljoy: /* Advantages and Disadvantages */

Steel pipe is the best pipe to use for a spud gun. It is threaded and easy to use. The only downsides are that it is heavy and expensive. Steel pipe comes in two types: black and galvanized. For a spud gun, both can be used, and the two types can be mixed.

==Assembly==
Steel pipe is assembled by applying [[Teflon tape]] or pipe dope to the threads of the steel pipe. A fitting is then threaded onto the pipe, and a pipe wrench is used to tighten the parts. The joint can be pressurized right away for Teflon tape, or can be pressurized once the pipe dope is cured if you are using pipe dope. Steel pipe can be threaded to other threaded parts with the same process. A pressure rating chart can be found here: [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/astm-steel-pipes-working-pressure-d_775.html Pressure Ratings]. Reduce the working pressure for threaded pipe by 50 percent.

==Advantages and Disadvantages==
Steel pipe has the following advantages:
<nowiki>Readily available
Threaded,
Easy to assemble,
High pressure rating,
Rated for compressed gases,</nowiki>

These are the disadvantages:
<nowiki>Heavy,
Expensive</nowiki>

==Obtaining Steel Pipe==
Steel pipe can be found in sizes from 1/8 inch to 2 inch at most hardware stores. Larger sizes (2.5 inch, 3 inch and 4 inch) can be found at industrial supply stores or online. Not all hardware stores carry steel pipe that is under 1/2 inch, but most do. Most hardware stores stock black iron pipe from 3/8 inch to 1 inch and galvanized from 1/8 to 2 inch. Nipples (short threaded pipe sections) are available form close (very short and used to connect two fittings) to 12 inch. Precut and threaded steel pipe is found in lengths from 18 inch to 21 feet. Usually precut pipe is only available in 1/2 inch to 1 inch.

==Fittings==
Fittings for steel pipe come in three materials: Cast Iron (CI), Malleable Iron (MI) and forged steel. Most fittings at a hardware store are Class 150 MI fittings, meaning that they are rated to 300 PSI. Industrial supply stores and online shops will often carry Class 300 MI fittings. These fittings are rated to 2000 PSI for sizes up to 1", 1500 PSI for 1.25" to 2", and 1000 PSI for 2.5" and higher. Forged steel fittings can be found online, and are rated to extremely high pressures and will most likely not be used for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are rated to 250 PSI for Class 125 and 500 PSI for Class 250. These fittings are heavy, brittle and expensive so they are not recommended for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are usually only found at industrial supply stores and are used mostly for steam. They are very thick to make up for the weak and brittle nature of cast iron. These are the markings found on CI and MI fittings:
No marking and low profile: Class 150 MI
No marking and very thick: Class 125 CI
300 WSP: Class 300 MI
XXXX WOG: Class 300 MI. The WOG is the pressure rating.
250 WSP: Class 250 CI

Steel pipe

2016-12-08T16:11:36Z

MCRKilljoy: /* Advantages and Disadvantages */

Steel pipe is the best pipe to use for a spud gun. It is threaded and easy to use. The only downsides are that it is heavy and expensive. Steel pipe comes in two types: black and galvanized. For a spud gun, both can be used, and the two types can be mixed.

==Assembly==
Steel pipe is assembled by applying [[Teflon tape]] or pipe dope to the threads of the steel pipe. A fitting is then threaded onto the pipe, and a pipe wrench is used to tighten the parts. The joint can be pressurized right away for Teflon tape, or can be pressurized once the pipe dope is cured if you are using pipe dope. Steel pipe can be threaded to other threaded parts with the same process. A pressure rating chart can be found here: [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/astm-steel-pipes-working-pressure-d_775.html Pressure Ratings]. Reduce the working pressure for threaded pipe by 50 percent.

==Advantages and Disadvantages==
Steel pipe has the following advantages:
<nowiki>Readily available
Threaded
Easy to assemble
High pressure rating
Rated for compressed gases</nowiki>

These are the disadvantages:
<nowiki>Heavy
Expensive</nowiki>

==Obtaining Steel Pipe==
Steel pipe can be found in sizes from 1/8 inch to 2 inch at most hardware stores. Larger sizes (2.5 inch, 3 inch and 4 inch) can be found at industrial supply stores or online. Not all hardware stores carry steel pipe that is under 1/2 inch, but most do. Most hardware stores stock black iron pipe from 3/8 inch to 1 inch and galvanized from 1/8 to 2 inch. Nipples (short threaded pipe sections) are available form close (very short and used to connect two fittings) to 12 inch. Precut and threaded steel pipe is found in lengths from 18 inch to 21 feet. Usually precut pipe is only available in 1/2 inch to 1 inch.

==Fittings==
Fittings for steel pipe come in three materials: Cast Iron (CI), Malleable Iron (MI) and forged steel. Most fittings at a hardware store are Class 150 MI fittings, meaning that they are rated to 300 PSI. Industrial supply stores and online shops will often carry Class 300 MI fittings. These fittings are rated to 2000 PSI for sizes up to 1", 1500 PSI for 1.25" to 2", and 1000 PSI for 2.5" and higher. Forged steel fittings can be found online, and are rated to extremely high pressures and will most likely not be used for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are rated to 250 PSI for Class 125 and 500 PSI for Class 250. These fittings are heavy, brittle and expensive so they are not recommended for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are usually only found at industrial supply stores and are used mostly for steam. They are very thick to make up for the weak and brittle nature of cast iron. These are the markings found on CI and MI fittings:
No marking and low profile: Class 150 MI
No marking and very thick: Class 125 CI
300 WSP: Class 300 MI
XXXX WOG: Class 300 MI. The WOG is the pressure rating.
250 WSP: Class 250 CI

Teflon tape

2016-12-08T00:58:13Z

MCRKilljoy: Created page with "Teflon tape is a thread sealing tape meant for threaded pipe. To use Teflon tape, you must wrap 3 to 5 layers on the male pipe threads. Make sure you wrap clockwise! Attach yo..."

Teflon tape is a thread sealing tape meant for threaded pipe. To use Teflon tape, you must wrap 3 to 5 layers on the male pipe threads. Make sure you wrap clockwise! Attach your pipe fitting and tighten. There are four main types of Teflon tape:
White (low destiny). This Teflon tape is the cheapest, and can be found at any hardware store. It does not seal too well and is only good for up to about 120 PSI. Yellow (medium density) tape is often used for gas. It can be found at any hardware store, and is good for high pressures or large pipe. This tape costs a little more than the white kind.
Pink (medium density) is like the yellow Teflon tape, but it is not rated for gas. It can be found at some hardware stores or online.
Grey (medium density) is for stainless steel. This tape is found online. There is a little nickel in this tape that prevents galling.
Green (medium destiny) Teflon tape is made for oxygen. DO NOT use other types of tape for oxygen, as there is an explosion hazard.

Teflon tape comes in several widths. The most common one is 1/2 inch, but widths up to 2 inches are available at industrial supply stores or online. There is also pipe dope, which is a liquid that is used like Teflon tape. For spud guns, it is best to use one rated for high vibration. I like to use Rectorseal Tru-Blu, which can be found at a hardware store or online. Pipe dope is required for large threads or extremely high pressure. It cannot be used for oxygen service. Pipe dope comes in a can with a brush in the lid. It is brushed onto the pipe threads. The parts are threaded together, and excess dope may be cleaned off, if desired. Pipe dope also comes in a tube that is squeezed onto the threads. For exceptionally high pressures or high pressure with large threads, pink or yellow Teflon tape may be used, then a layer of dope applied over it.

Steel pipe

2016-12-08T00:44:12Z

MCRKilljoy: Created page with "Steel pipe is the best pipe to use for a spud gun. It is threaded and easy to use. The only downsides are that it is heavy and expensive. Steel pipe comes in two types: black ..."

Steel pipe is the best pipe to use for a spud gun. It is threaded and easy to use. The only downsides are that it is heavy and expensive. Steel pipe comes in two types: black and galvanized. For a spud gun, both can be used, and the two types can be mixed.

==Assembly==
Steel pipe is assembled by applying [[Teflon tape]] or pipe dope to the threads of the steel pipe. A fitting is then threaded onto the pipe, and a pipe wrench is used to tighten the parts. The joint can be pressurized right away for Teflon tape, or can be pressurized once the pipe dope is cured if you are using pipe dope. Steel pipe can be threaded to other threaded parts with the same process. A pressure rating chart can be found here: [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/astm-steel-pipes-working-pressure-d_775.html Pressure Ratings]. Reduce the working pressure for threaded pipe by 50 percent.

==Advantages and Disadvantages==
Steel pipe has the following advantages:
Readily available
Threaded
Easy to assemble
High pressure rating
Rated for compressed gases

These are the disadvantages:
Heavy
Expensive

==Obtaining Steel Pipe==
Steel pipe can be found in sizes from 1/8 inch to 2 inch at most hardware stores. Larger sizes (2.5 inch, 3 inch and 4 inch) can be found at industrial supply stores or online. Not all hardware stores carry steel pipe that is under 1/2 inch, but most do. Most hardware stores stock black iron pipe from 3/8 inch to 1 inch and galvanized from 1/8 to 2 inch. Nipples (short threaded pipe sections) are available form close (very short and used to connect two fittings) to 12 inch. Precut and threaded steel pipe is found in lengths from 18 inch to 21 feet. Usually precut pipe is only available in 1/2 inch to 1 inch.

==Fittings==
Fittings for steel pipe come in three materials: Cast Iron (CI), Malleable Iron (MI) and forged steel. Most fittings at a hardware store are Class 150 MI fittings, meaning that they are rated to 300 PSI. Industrial supply stores and online shops will often carry Class 300 MI fittings. These fittings are rated to 2000 PSI for sizes up to 1", 1500 PSI for 1.25" to 2", and 1000 PSI for 2.5" and higher. Forged steel fittings can be found online, and are rated to extremely high pressures and will most likely not be used for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are rated to 250 PSI for Class 125 and 500 PSI for Class 250. These fittings are heavy, brittle and expensive so they are not recommended for spudguns. Cast iron fittings are usually only found at industrial supply stores and are used mostly for steam. They are very thick to make up for the weak and brittle nature of cast iron. These are the markings found on CI and MI fittings:
No marking and low profile: Class 150 MI
No marking and very thick: Class 125 CI
300 WSP: Class 300 MI
XXXX WOG: Class 300 MI. The WOG is the pressure rating.
250 WSP: Class 250 CI

PVC pipe

2016-12-08T00:25:43Z

MCRKilljoy:

'''PVC pipe''' and fittings are the most common material for spudgun construction. PVC is cheap, lightweight and available in a wide range of dimensions and ratings. PVC is usually joined by [[solvent welding]], which is easy to do and requires no special tools. Threaded fittings are also used, but then solvent welded to the pipe. PVC is easy to machine, and parts are sometimes [[bushing modification|customized]] to fit a certain purpose.

PVC is usually colored white or shades of gray, but transparent PVC pipe is also available. It's more expensive than normal PVC, but is somewhat popular in combustion launchers, where clear parts will let you see that happens inside during the combustion process.

One of the main disadvantages of PVC is that it becomes brittle in cold weather, which may lead to chamber failure, especially in pneumatic launchers. When PVC fails under pressure it breaks into sharp shards, which are propelled at high velocity. Because of this danger PVC pipe is not rated for use with pressurized gases, and the use in spudguns is to be regarded as outside of specifications. Shrapnel from failure of PVC can be fatal. The reason PVC does not shatter with water is that water is not compressible, so water stores very little energy. Air is compressible and stores lots of energy. As a result, [[ABS Pipe|pressure rated ABS pipe]] is a better choice for a spudgun, as it is rated for compressed air. You can find it online or at an industrial supply store. There have been reports of serious injury and death from exploding PVC pipe, even at low pressures. Alternative materials, such as [[ABS Pipe|ABS]], [[copper pipe|copper]], and [[steel pipe|steel]] are much better choices.

===Naming Conventions===

====Schedule====
Schedule is a method of denoting pipe dimensions with a standardized set of nominal sizes. Note that this is a ''size'' convention, and does not necessarily denote a pressure rating. [http://harvel.com/pipepvc-sch40-80-dim.asp Harvel] has tables of dimensions for SCH40 and SCH80 pipe sizes.

====SDR====
SDR (Standard Dimension Ratio) pipe has the same O.D. as Schedule pipe, but with different pipe I.D. All SDR pipe in a series has the same ratio of O.D to wall thickness throughout the sizes, and thus has the same pressure rating. All SDR pipe is rated for pressure, but because it often has relatively thin walls (in smaller diameters), it should be [[sleeving|sleeved]] or otherwise reinforced before use (in some cases). [http://harvel.com/pipepvc-sdr-dim.asp Harvel]
has charts of dimensions and pressure ratings for SDR pipe.
(Larger diameters of some SDR pipe actually have thicker walls than Schedule pipe. For example, SDR21 pipe 5" and up in diameter is thicker than Schedule 40 and is used
in well casings. SDR21 2.5" (Tennis Ball Barrels) are thick enough to not require sleeving in barrel use). SDR21 1.5" Golf Ball barrels are not rugged and sleeving is recommended.

{{Stub}}
[[Category:Construction materials]]

Talk:PVC pipe

2016-12-08T00:20:53Z

MCRKilljoy: Created page with "PVC pipe is NOT RATED FOR COMPRESSED AIR."

PVC pipe is NOT RATED FOR COMPRESSED AIR.

ABS Pipe

2016-12-08T00:19:35Z

MCRKilljoy: Created

ABS pipe is a type of pipe used for spud guns. There are two types: Pressure Rated and DWV. Pressure rated ABS is hard to find. Some industrial supply stores may carry it. Pressure rated ABS pipe will be black and have the pressure rating on it. Pressure rated ABS is suitable for compressed air, unlike PVC. While PVC will shatter under pressure, ABS will split. However, DO NOT use DWV ABS. DWV ABS pipe is found at most hardware stores. It is not suitable for pressure. Combustion cannons can be made of DWV ABS, as ABS splits instead of shattering. ABS is also more impact resistant. For a low power combustion spud gun, DWV ABS is OK. ABS is solvent welded like PVC. Also, while ABS DWV pipe is cell core, ABS DWV fittings are solid, and will most likely be fine for pressure. However, it is still not a good idea to use them for pressure.