SpudFiles Wiki - User contributions [en]

12 gram CO2 cartridge

2014-12-24T17:59:48Z

Technician Fry:

[[Image:Co2_powerlet_box.jpg |right|thumb|250px|A box of CO2 cartridges]]

A '''12 gram [[CO2]] cartridge''', known commercially as a '''Powerlet''', contains 12 grams of CO2 in a liquid/gas equilibrium. The cartridge is made of thick steel with a thin welded cap. When the cap is pierced, the CO2 rapidly expands. Cartridges can be purchased in bulk for around fifty cents each. These cartridges offer a portable, convenient method of pressurizing a [[pneumatic cannon]]. Because CO2 operates at extreme pressures, these cartridges must be treated with appropriate caution.

== Usage ==
[[Image:12 Gram Co2 Quickchange Adapter.jpeg |left|thumb|250px|A 12 gram CO2 quick-change adapter]]
The simplest way to connect a 12 gram CO2 cartridge is with a quick-change adapter. This type of adapter is very common, and can be found for $10-$20 on eBay. It is intended for use in paintball, allowing a paintball marker to draw power from a 12 gram CO2 cartridge instead of a remote connection.

A full CO2 cartridge is placed in the adapter's shell. The shell is screwed tightly against a pin. When the cartridge is pierced, CO2 will rapidly expand forward through the adapter. Generally, each CO2 cartridge is single-use.

== Connecting ==

Quick-change adapters have male "ASA" threads. ASA is a paintball-specific thread size that is nearly identical to 1/2" NPT threading. However, ASA threads are parallel and rely on an O-ring for an airtight seal whereas NPT threads are tapered and thus seal automatically.

[[Image:Co2_remote_on_off_adapters.JPG |right|thumb|250px|A pair of CO2 remote on/off adapters, female ASA to female 1/8" NPT]]

Male ASA threads will form an airtight seal with female 1/2" NPT threads, given sufficient tightening and liberal use of teflon tape. A more proper method involves connecting the quick-change adapter to a CO2 remote on/off adapter, which has a female 1/8" NPT thread. (The on/off functionality will not work.)

== Dimensions ==
The cartridges have a diameter of 49/64" and a total length of 3.25". Each cartridge has a mass of 31.5 grams empty, and 43.5 grams when full. The cartridge has an internal volume of precisely 14 cubic centimeters.

== Pressure ==
Below 87.8°F, a 12 gram CO2 cartridge contains a mixture of liquid and gaseous CO2 in equilibrium. When the gaseous CO2 expands, some of the liquid CO2 immediately boils to take its place. As long as liquid remains, the operating pressure will be the vapor pressure of CO2 at the current temperature (usually 800+ PSI).

Above 87.8°F, or if the CO2 is given enough room to expand, the CO2 will be purely gas. It will behave like an ideal gas, so the operating pressure can be calculated using the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law Ideal Gas Law], given the volume to be filled and the ambient temperature. For this calculation, note that 12 grams of CO2 is roughly 0.273 moles of CO2.

[[Image:Davidvaini_Ragnarok_co2_fill_guide.jpg |center|thumb|800px| This chart was created by Spudfiles members Davidvaini and Ragnarok.]]

At 70°F, the following approximation (derived from the Ideal Gas Law) indicates the pressure of a given chamber when filled with a 12g CO2 cartridge:

Pressure (psi) = 5910 / Volume (in^3)

Remember that below 87.8°F, CO2's pressure is limited by its vapor pressure.

== Cooling ==
When released from a 12 gram cartridge, CO2 will rapidly cool everything it flows through. Extra precautions should be taken when using 12 gram cartridges with temperature-sensitive materials such as PVC, which becomes brittle when cold.

== Other uses ==
12 gram CO2 cartridges can be used effectively as projectiles. They are dense, consistently sized, and fit well in 3/4" SCH 40 PVC.

== See also ==
[https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/72218156/co2%2012g%20thermodynamics.pdf The CO2 Cartridge...an Under-Appreciated Marvel of Technology!]

[http://www.spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/images/8/8d/Co2_pressure_vs_fill_phases.jpg Graph of CO2 pressure vs. fill at various temperatures]

[http://www.doomlabs.com/science/CO2_Science.html DoomLabs: The Science of CO2]

[http://www.spudfiles.com/pneumatic-cannons/topic7133.html "How Much CO2 do I need?"]

[http://www.spudfiles.com/materials-ammo/topic25641.html#p373745 High-speed videos of 12g CO2 Cartridge as a projectile]

[[Category:Accessories]]
[[Category:Projectiles]]

12 gram CO2 cartridge

2014-12-21T14:35:44Z

Technician Fry:

[[Image:Co2_powerlet_box.jpg |right|thumb|250px|A box of CO2 cartridges]]

A '''12 gram [[CO2]] cartridge''', known commercially as a '''Powerlet''', contains 12 grams of CO2 in a liquid/gas equilibrium. The cartridge is made of thick steel with a thin welded cap. When the cap is pierced, the CO2 rapidly expands. Cartridges can be purchased in bulk for around fifty cents each. These cartridges offer a portable, convenient method of pressurizing a [[pneumatic cannon]]. Because CO2 operates at extreme pressures, these cartridges must be treated with appropriate caution.

== Usage ==
[[Image:12 Gram Co2 Quickchange Adapter.jpeg |left|thumb|250px|A 12 gram CO2 quick-change adapter]]
The simplest way to connect a 12 gram CO2 cartridge is with a quick-change adapter. This type of adapter is very common, and can be found for $10-$20 on eBay. It is intended for use in paintball, allowing a paintball marker to draw power from a 12 gram CO2 cartridge instead of a remote connection.

A full CO2 cartridge is placed in the adapter's shell. The shell is screwed tightly against a pin. When the cartridge is pierced, CO2 will rapidly expand forward through the adapter. Generally, each CO2 cartridge is single-use.

== Connecting ==

Quick-change adapters have male "ASA" threads. ASA is a paintball-specific thread size that is nearly identical to 1/2" NPT threading. However, ASA threads are parallel and rely on an O-ring for an airtight seal whereas NPT threads are tapered and thus seal automatically.

[[Image:Co2_remote_on_off_adapters.JPG |right|thumb|250px|A pair of CO2 remote on/off adapters, female ASA to female 1/8" NPT]]

Male ASA threads will form an airtight seal with female 1/2" NPT threads, given sufficient tightening and liberal use of teflon tape. A more proper method involves connecting the quick-change adapter to a CO2 remote on/off adapter, which has a female 1/8" NPT thread. (The on/off functionality will not work.)

== Pressure ==
Below 87.8°F, a 12 gram CO2 cartridge contains a mixture of liquid and gaseous CO2 in equilibrium. When the gaseous CO2 expands, some of the liquid CO2 immediately boils to take its place. As long as liquid remains, the operating pressure will be the vapor pressure of CO2 at the current temperature (usually 800+ PSI).

Above 87.8°F, or if the CO2 is given enough room to expand, the CO2 will be purely gas. It will behave like an ideal gas, so the operating pressure can be calculated using the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law Ideal Gas Law], given the volume to be filled and the ambient temperature. For this calculation, note that 12 grams of CO2 is roughly 0.273 moles of CO2.

[[Image:Davidvaini_Ragnarok_co2_fill_guide.jpg |center|thumb|800px| This chart was created by Spudfiles members Davidvaini and Ragnarok.]]

At 70°F, the following approximation (derived from the Ideal Gas Law) indicates the pressure of a given chamber when filled with a 12g CO2 cartridge:

Pressure (psi) = 5910 / Volume (in^3)

Remember that below 87.8°F, CO2's pressure is limited by its vapor pressure.

== Cooling ==
When released from a 12 gram cartridge, CO2 will rapidly cool everything it flows through. Extra precautions should be taken when using 12 gram cartridges with temperature-sensitive materials such as PVC, which becomes brittle when cold.

== Other uses ==
12 gram CO2 cartridges can be used effectively as projectiles. They are dense, consistently sized, and fit well in 3/4" SCH 40 PVC. Each cartridge has a mass of 31.5 grams empty, and 43.5 grams when full. The cartridge has an internal volume of precisely 14 cubic centimeters.

== See also ==
[https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/72218156/co2%2012g%20thermodynamics.pdf The CO2 Cartridge...an Under-Appreciated Marvel of Technology!]

[http://www.spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/images/8/8d/Co2_pressure_vs_fill_phases.jpg Graph of CO2 pressure vs. fill at various temperatures]

[http://www.doomlabs.com/science/CO2_Science.html DoomLabs: The Science of CO2]

[http://www.spudfiles.com/pneumatic-cannons/topic7133.html "How Much CO2 do I need?"]

[http://www.spudfiles.com/materials-ammo/topic25641.html#p373745 High-speed videos of 12g CO2 Cartridge as a projectile]

[[Category:Accessories]]
[[Category:Projectiles]]

User:Technician Fry

2014-07-07T23:17:16Z

Technician Fry:

American spudgunner.

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Technician_Fry My page on that other wiki :)]

== Todo ==
* Projectiles vs Ammunition vs Ammo vs all their categories
* Update 12 gram CO2 references
* Types of threading and differences? NPT, BSP, BPT, ASA, etc
* Preset GGDT profiles for common valves? (Orbit sprinkler, PVC ball valve, metal ball valve, black-box QEVs, mcmaster QEVs, etc?)
* Specific data for "pressure vessel", 12 gram powerlets, 400g propane torch cylinder, 465g shorter 'camping' cylinder, scuba tanks? Category?
* Union and camlock coupling - rearrange

User:Technician Fry

2014-06-24T04:06:17Z

Technician Fry:

User:Technician Fry

2014-06-22T07:55:01Z

Technician Fry:

User:Technician Fry

2014-06-18T10:20:52Z

Technician Fry:

User:Technician Fry

2014-06-18T10:16:42Z

Technician Fry: Created userpage

American spudgunner.

[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Technician_Fry My page on that other wiki :)]

Powerlet

2014-06-18T10:13:06Z

Technician Fry: Redirected page to 12 gram CO2 cartridge

#REDIRECT [[12 gram CO2 cartridge]]

CO2 cartridge

2014-06-18T10:12:28Z

Technician Fry: Technician Fry moved page CO2 cartridge to 12 gram CO2 cartridge: More specific and accurate subject title

#REDIRECT [[12 gram CO2 cartridge]]

12 gram CO2 cartridge

2014-06-18T10:12:28Z

Technician Fry: Technician Fry moved page CO2 cartridge to 12 gram CO2 cartridge: More specific and accurate subject title

[[Image:Co2_powerlet_box.jpg |right|thumb|250px|A box of CO2 cartridges]]

A '''12 gram [[CO2]] cartridge''', known commercially as a '''Powerlet''', contains 12 grams of CO2 in a liquid/gas equilibrium. The cartridge is made of thick steel with a thin welded cap. When the cap is pierced, the CO2 rapidly expands. Cartridges can be purchased in bulk for around fifty cents each. These cartridges offer a portable, convenient method of pressurizing a [[pneumatic cannon]]. Because CO2 operates at extreme pressures, these cartridges must be treated with appropriate caution.

== Usage ==
[[Image:12 Gram Co2 Quickchange Adapter.jpeg |left|thumb|250px|A 12 gram CO2 quick-change adapter]]
The simplest way to connect a 12 gram CO2 cartridge is with a quick-change adapter. This type of adapter is very common, and can be found for $10-$20 on eBay. It is intended for use in paintball, allowing a paintball marker to draw power from a 12 gram CO2 cartridge instead of a remote connection.

A full CO2 cartridge is placed in the adapter's shell. The shell is screwed tightly against a pin. When the cartridge is pierced, CO2 will rapidly expand forward through the adapter. Generally, each CO2 cartridge is single-use.

== Connecting ==

Quick-change adapters have male "ASA" threads. ASA is a paintball-specific thread size that is nearly identical to 1/2" NPT threading. However, ASA threads are parallel and rely on an O-ring for an airtight seal whereas NPT threads are tapered and thus seal automatically.

[[Image:Co2_remote_on_off_adapters.JPG |right|thumb|250px|A pair of CO2 remote on/off adapters, female ASA to female 1/8" NPT]]

Male ASA threads will form an airtight seal with female 1/2" NPT threads, given sufficient tightening and liberal use of teflon tape. A more proper method involves connecting the quick-change adapter to a CO2 remote on/off adapter, which has a female 1/8" NPT thread. (The on/off functionality will not work.)

== Pressure ==
Below 87.8°F, a 12 gram CO2 cartridge contains a mixture of liquid and gaseous CO2 in equilibrium. When the gaseous CO2 expands, some of the liquid CO2 immediately boils to take its place. As long as liquid remains, the operating pressure will be the vapor pressure of CO2 at the current temperature (usually 800+ PSI).

Above 87.8°F, or if the CO2 is given enough room to expand, the CO2 will be purely gas. It will behave like an ideal gas, so the operating pressure can be calculated using the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law Ideal Gas Law], given the volume to be filled and the ambient temperature. For this calculation, note that 12 grams of CO2 is roughly 0.273 moles of CO2.

[[Image:Davidvaini_Ragnarok_co2_fill_guide.jpg |center|thumb|800px| This chart was created by Spudfiles members Davidvaini and Ragnarok.]]

At 70°F, the following approximation (derived from the Ideal Gas Law) indicates the pressure of a given chamber when filled with a 12g CO2 cartridge:

Pressure (psi) = 5910 / Volume (in^3)

Remember that below 87.8°F, CO2's pressure is limited by its vapor pressure.

== Cooling ==
When released from a 12 gram cartridge, CO2 will rapidly cool everything it flows through. Extra precautions should be taken when using 12 gram cartridges with temperature-sensitive materials such as PVC, which becomes brittle when cold.

== Use as ammunition ==
Empty 12 gram CO2 cartridges can be used effectively as projectiles. They are dense, consistently sized, and fit well in 3/4" SCH 40 PVC.

== See also ==
[http://www.spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/images/8/8d/Co2_pressure_vs_fill_phases.jpg Graph of CO2 pressure vs. fill at various temperatures]

[http://www.doomlabs.com/science/CO2_Science.html DoomLabs: The Science of CO2]

[http://www.spudfiles.com/pneumatic-cannons/topic7133.html "How Much CO2 do I need?"]

[http://www.spudfiles.com/materials-ammo/topic25641.html#p373745 High-speed videos of 12g CO2 Cartridge as a projectile]

[[Category:Accessories]]
[[Category:Projectiles]]

12 gram CO2 cartridge

2014-06-18T10:05:32Z

Technician Fry: Overhauled page, incorporated 2d fill chart, rewrote formula (old data was faulty and inconsistent), added images

[[Image:Co2_powerlet_box.jpg |right|thumb|250px|A box of CO2 cartridges]]

A '''12 gram [[CO2]] cartridge''', known commercially as a '''Powerlet''', contains 12 grams of CO2 in a liquid/gas equilibrium. The cartridge is made of thick steel with a thin welded cap. When the cap is pierced, the CO2 rapidly expands. Cartridges can be purchased in bulk for around fifty cents each. These cartridges offer a portable, convenient method of pressurizing a [[pneumatic cannon]]. Because CO2 operates at extreme pressures, these cartridges must be treated with appropriate caution.

== Usage ==
[[Image:12 Gram Co2 Quickchange Adapter.jpeg |left|thumb|250px|A 12 gram CO2 quick-change adapter]]
The simplest way to connect a 12 gram CO2 cartridge is with a quick-change adapter. This type of adapter is very common, and can be found for $10-$20 on eBay. It is intended for use in paintball, allowing a paintball marker to draw power from a 12 gram CO2 cartridge instead of a remote connection.

A full CO2 cartridge is placed in the adapter's shell. The shell is screwed tightly against a pin. When the cartridge is pierced, CO2 will rapidly expand forward through the adapter. Generally, each CO2 cartridge is single-use.

== Connecting ==

Quick-change adapters have male "ASA" threads. ASA is a paintball-specific thread size that is nearly identical to 1/2" NPT threading. However, ASA threads are parallel and rely on an O-ring for an airtight seal whereas NPT threads are tapered and thus seal automatically.

[[Image:Co2_remote_on_off_adapters.JPG |right|thumb|250px|A pair of CO2 remote on/off adapters, female ASA to female 1/8" NPT]]

Male ASA threads will form an airtight seal with female 1/2" NPT threads, given sufficient tightening and liberal use of teflon tape. A more proper method involves connecting the quick-change adapter to a CO2 remote on/off adapter, which has a female 1/8" NPT thread. (The on/off functionality will not work.)

== Pressure ==
Below 87.8°F, a 12 gram CO2 cartridge contains a mixture of liquid and gaseous CO2 in equilibrium. When the gaseous CO2 expands, some of the liquid CO2 immediately boils to take its place. As long as liquid remains, the operating pressure will be the vapor pressure of CO2 at the current temperature (usually 800+ PSI).

Above 87.8°F, or if the CO2 is given enough room to expand, the CO2 will be purely gas. It will behave like an ideal gas, so the operating pressure can be calculated using the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_gas_law Ideal Gas Law], given the volume to be filled and the ambient temperature. For this calculation, note that 12 grams of CO2 is roughly 0.273 moles of CO2.

[[Image:Davidvaini_Ragnarok_co2_fill_guide.jpg |center|thumb|800px| This chart was created by Spudfiles members Davidvaini and Ragnarok.]]

At 70°F, the following approximation (derived from the Ideal Gas Law) indicates the pressure of a given chamber when filled with a 12g CO2 cartridge:

Pressure (psi) = 5910 / Volume (in^3)

Remember that below 87.8°F, CO2's pressure is limited by its vapor pressure.

== Cooling ==
When released from a 12 gram cartridge, CO2 will rapidly cool everything it flows through. Extra precautions should be taken when using 12 gram cartridges with temperature-sensitive materials such as PVC, which becomes brittle when cold.

== Use as ammunition ==
Empty 12 gram CO2 cartridges can be used effectively as projectiles. They are dense, consistently sized, and fit well in 3/4" SCH 40 PVC.

== See also ==
[http://www.spudfiles.com/spud_wiki/images/8/8d/Co2_pressure_vs_fill_phases.jpg Graph of CO2 pressure vs. fill at various temperatures]

[http://www.doomlabs.com/science/CO2_Science.html DoomLabs: The Science of CO2]

[http://www.spudfiles.com/pneumatic-cannons/topic7133.html "How Much CO2 do I need?"]

[http://www.spudfiles.com/materials-ammo/topic25641.html#p373745 High-speed videos of 12g CO2 Cartridge as a projectile]

[[Category:Accessories]]
[[Category:Projectiles]]

CO2

2014-06-18T10:00:14Z

Technician Fry: Created redirect

#REDIRECT [[Carbon Dioxide]]

File:Co2 remote on off adapters.JPG

2014-06-18T09:41:24Z

Technician Fry: Technician Fry uploaded a new version of "File:Co2 remote on off adapters.JPG": Cropped top and bottom whitespace

File:Davidvaini Ragnarok co2 fill guide.jpg

2014-06-18T08:23:00Z

Technician Fry:

File:Co2 pressure vs fill phases.jpg

2014-06-18T08:18:17Z

Technician Fry:

File:Co2 powerlet box.jpg

2014-06-18T07:42:45Z

Technician Fry:

File:Co2 remote on off adapters.JPG

2014-06-18T07:37:51Z

Technician Fry:

File:12 Gram Co2 Quickchange Adapter.jpeg

2014-06-18T07:20:35Z

Technician Fry:

File:CO2 Pressure vs Fill.gif

2014-06-18T06:50:51Z

Technician Fry: